libds/include/sprs.h

144 lines
5.3 KiB
C

#ifndef LIBDS_SPRS_HEADER
#define LIBDS_SPRS_HEADER
#include <stddef.h>
#include "libds.h"
/**
* Sparse set implementation with the capacity to store data.
* Sparse sets are initially defined as having two arrays of integers,
* one "dense" array, into which new elements are added sequentially, and another
* "sparse" array into which the elements' indexes in the dense array are put at
* their index.
*
* For instance, after adding the elements 1, 0, and 3 to a sparse array,
* it may look like:
* (Size) (Capacity)
* | |
* [1 ][0 ][3 ][..][..][..] (Dense)
* [1 ][0 ][..][2 ][..][..] (Sparse)
* As seen in the above representation, the element in the dense array at index 0 is 1,
* and the element at index 1 in the sparse array points to its location in the dense array.
* It's very quick to check whether an element is part of this sparse set:
* if sparse[element] < size && dense[sparse[element]] == element.
* Iteration is also O(n), thanks to the dense array, and no initial memory clearing is required.
*
* The below implementation adds an additional piece of data to the sparse array, a void* so that an item
* can be associated with an integer index and stored / retrieved / ismember'ed together with it.
*/
/**
* A single element in a sparse array.
*/
struct sprs_element_s {
/**
* The index of this element in the dense array.
*/
size_t index;
/**
* A piece of data (optional) associated with this index.
*/
void* data;
};
/**
* A sparse array / set.
*/
struct sprs_s {
/**
* The maximum size of the set. This is the limit for integer indices.
*/
size_t capacity;
/**
* The current size of the sparse set, and the next available index in the dense array.
*/
size_t size;
/**
* The dense array.
* This is a pointer so that an array of a certain size can be allocated as needed.
*/
size_t* dense;
/**
* The sparse array.
* This is a pointer so that an array of a certain size can be allocated as needed.
*/
struct sprs_element_s* sparse;
};
typedef struct sprs_s sprs;
/**
* Initializes a sparse set with default values.
* This does not allocate any memory for the arrays.
* @param sprs the sparse set / array to initialize.
*/
void sprs_init(sprs* sprs);
/**
* Allocates the necessary memory for a sparse set's
* dense and sparse arrays.
* @param sprs the sparse set for which memory should be allocated.
* @param size the maximum capacity of the sparse set to use.
* @return LIBDS_SUCCESS if all goes well, or LIBDS_MALLOC if an allocation failed.
*/
libds_result sprs_setup(sprs* sprs, size_t size);
/**
* Frees memory allocated by the sparse set, and resets its capacity and size.
* @param sprs the sparse set to free.
*/
void sprs_free(sprs* sprs);
/**
* Stores a value in the sparse set under a given index.
* @param sprs the sparse set into which to store the value.
* @param index the index at which to store the value
* @param data the value to store.
*/
void sprs_put(sprs* sprs, size_t index, void* data);
/**
* Checks if the sparse set contains data under a given index.
* @param sprs the sparse set to check.
* @param index the index for which to check.
* @return 1 if the index exists, 0 if not.
*/
int sprs_contains(sprs* sprs, size_t index);
/**
* Gets the value stored under the given sparse set index.
* This will check for whether the index is in the sparse set first,
* and return NULL if it's not.
* Please not that this exhibit the !exact same! behavior if a NULL was stored
* under the index or if the index was never populated. use sprs_contains to
* check whether the index is populated if this is important.
* @param sprs the sparse set to check.
* @param index the index from under which to retrieve the value.
* @return the value stored under the index, or NULL if there is nothing there.
*/
void* sprs_get(sprs* sprs, size_t index);
/**
* Runs through every element in the sparse set, and compares it against the
* given data using the given comparison function. If the comparison function returns
* true, returns the element that was passed to it. If the comparison function returns
* true for no element, returns NULL.
* @param sprs the sparse set to iterate through.
* @param data the data to compare elements against
* @param compare the comparison function
* @return the first element that is matched by the comparison function, or NULL if none are matched.
*/
void* sprs_find(sprs* sprs, void* data, compare_func compare);
/**
* Runs through every element in the sparse set, and compares it against the
* given data using the given comparison function. If the comparison function returns
* true, calls the foreach function, passing it the element and the variable argument list.
* Stops if any foreach function returns a nonzero code.
* @param sprs the sparse set to perform the operation on
* @param data the data to pass the comparison function
* @param compare the comparison function operating on the data and each element in the list.
* @param foreach the function to be called on every element recognized by the comparison function
* @param ... variable arguments to be passed on to the foreach function
* @return 0 if all goes well, or the first nonzero code returned by foreach.
*/
int sprs_foreach(sprs* sprs, void* data, compare_func compare, foreach_func foreach, ...);
#endif