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Final draft for tonight.

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Danila Fedorin 2019-11-21 02:09:38 -08:00
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for long-range interaction between animal-worn collars and a gateway device.
Ths gateway device will also provide an HTTP-based JSON API to apply configuration
changes to collars through an application built for Android mobile devices.
The MariaDB SQL database management system will be used to store the data
received from the collar for viewing and analysis.
\end{abstract}
\pagebreak
@ -27,14 +29,27 @@
\pagebreak
\section{Identification}
This document describes the design of the Fenceless Grazing Collar system,
following the IEEE Standard 1016-2009. It covers the design of all components
of the FGC system, namely the Smart Application, API Server, LoRa Gateway,
and the Collars.
\section{Introduction}
The Fenceless Grazing Collar system is designed to reduce the amount of manual
labor performed by farmers owning herds of livestock. By automating
the herding of animals such as cattle, farmers may be able to save a significant
amount of time and money.
This document is written by Danila Fedorin, Matthew Sessions, and Ryan Alder,
working on the project through Oregon State University.
The Fenceless Grazing Collar system consists of a smart application,
a "gateway", and individual collars to be placed onto animals.
% Collars are attached to live animals that emit an auditory or electrical stimulus when the animal
% leaves its designated area, preventing it from traveling further outside
% the established grazing boundaries.
% TODO this is bad; improve later.
\section{Glossary}
\begin{itemize}
\item \emph{LoRa:} A radio-based protocol for \textbf{Lo}ng\textbf{Ra}nge communication.
\item \emph{HTTP:} HyperText Transfer Protocol, which is currently the most popular standard
for web servers and APIs.
\item \emph{JSON:} JavaScript Object Notation, a language for encodings structured data.
\end{itemize}
\section{Design Stakeholders and Concerns}
The primary stakeholders for this project are farmers who may replace their
@ -328,9 +343,66 @@ to the collars. Similarly, the collars deliver location information and stimulus
by sending them to the LoRa gateway, from which they are retreived by the application.
\subsection{State dynamics view}
Each fenceless grazing collar is a state machine. It has multiple states,
Each Fenceless Grazing Collar is a state machine. The states are described as follows:
\begin{itemize}
\item \emph{Sleep:} This will be the most common state for the collar. As per the
\emph{Long battery life} design concern, it's necessary that the collars remain functional
for long periods of time without maintenance. By putting the hardware of the collar
into sleep, the system will lower power consumption, and thus improve battery life.
\item \emph{Awake; quiet} The device will be in this state when it is gathering and trasmitting
GPS data to the LoRa gateway, while the host animal is within the prescribed grazing area.
No sound or other stimulus is necessary in this state.
\item \emph{Awake; loud} The device will be in the state when the host animal is within
a small distance outside the prescribed grazing area, and had not spent a long
period of time there. In this state, the auditory stimulus will be active with the
intention of preventing the animal from further negative action.
\item \emph{Awake; shocking} The device will be in this state when the host animal has
traveled far outside the prescribed grazing area, or has remained within
a small distance of the area for a long time. The electrical stimulus component is active
in this state.
\end{itemize}
The transitions between the states are as follows:
\begin{itemize}
\item Every 15 seconds, if the device is in the \emph{Sleep} state, it will transition
into the \emph{Awake; quiet} state.
\item In the \emph{Awake; quiet} state, if the GPS coordinates are within the prescribed grazing area,
the device will return into the \emph{Sleep} state.
\item In the \emph{Awake; quiet} state, if the GPS coordinates are within a 10ft distance
outside the prescribed grazing area, the device will transmit a stimulus activation report,
and transition into the \emph{Awake; loud} state.
\item In the \emph{Awake; loud} state, if the GPS coordinates are within the prescribed grazing
area, the device will transition into the \emph{Sleep} state.
\item in the \emph{Awake; loud} state, if the device has spent 30 seconds outside, but in
close proximity to, the prescribed grazing area, it will transmit a stimulus activation
report, and transition into the \emph{Awake; shocking} state.
\item in the \emph{Awake; loud} state, if the device is further than 10ft outside the grazing
area, it will transmit a stimulus activation report, and transition into the
\emph{Awake; shocking} state.
\item in the \emph{Awake; shocking} state, if the device is within a 10ft distance
outside the prescribed grazing area, it will transition into the \emph{Awake; loud} state.
\end{itemize}
\section{Design overlays}
\section{Design rationale}
The LoRa communication protocol was used specifically to address the \emph{Support for large areas}
design concern: LoRa works over \textbf{Lo}ng \textbf{Ra}nge, and is bidirectional. These properties
make it ideal for the Fenceless Grazing Collar system.
The LoRa gateway's API was chosen to be HTTP-based, rather than Bluetooth-based, to allow for
both remote communication and alternative clients (such as web interfaces). This necessitates
the use of a public-facing server (and likely a domain name to allow for DNS resolution).
Kotlin was chosen over Java due to its superior type system, which helps mitigate the Million Dollar
Mistake [citation needed], as well as because of its capacity to reduce boilerplate. This is
an acceptable decision due to Google's official support of the Kotlin language.
\section{Conclusion}
The Fenceless Grazing Collar system provides reliable, accessible, and scalable solution for replacing
manual labor in livestock herding. Through the use of physical collars attached to live animals,
providing auditory and electric stimuli, the system encourages animals to stay within prescribed
grazing boundaries without the need of direct human involvement. LoRa communication is used
to manage the collar devices spread out in the field, and both an HTTP JSON-based API
and a smart application are provided to expose the configuration and data collection functionality
of the collars to the user.
\end{document}