Merge branch 'provider-rewrite' into sin

# Conflicts:
#	src/main/java/org/nwapw/abacus/plugin/StandardPlugin.java

README.md

@@ -5,10 +5,10 @@ Summer project for NWAPW.
 Created by Arthur Drobot, Danila Fedorin and Riley Jones.
 
 ## Project Description
-Abacus is a calculator built with extensibility and usability in mind. It provides a plugin interface, via Java, as Lua proves too difficult to link up to the Java core. The description of the internals of the project can be found on the wiki page.
+Abacus is a calculator built with extensibility and usability in mind. It provides a plugin interface, via Java, as Lua provides too difficult to link up to the Java core. The description of the internals of the project can be found on the wiki page.
 
 ## Current State
-Abacus is being built for the Northwest Advanced Programming Workshop, a 3 week program in which students work in teams to complete a single project, following principles of agile development. Because of its short timeframe, Abacus is not even close to completed state. Below is a list of the current features and problems.
+Abacus is being built for the Northwest Advanced Programming Workshop, a 3 week program in which students work in treams to complete a single project, following principles of agile development. Because of its short timeframe, Abacus is not even close to completed state. Below is a list of the current features and problems.
 - [x] Basic number class
 - [x] Implementation of basic functions 
 - [x] Implementation of `exp`, `ln`, `sqrt` using the basic functions and Taylor Series

src/main/java/org/nwapw/abacus/Abacus.java

@@ -1,21 +1,21 @@
 package org.nwapw.abacus;
 
-import org.nwapw.abacus.config.Configuration;
-import org.nwapw.abacus.fx.AbacusApplication;
-import org.nwapw.abacus.number.NaiveNumber;
+import org.nwapw.abacus.config.ConfigurationObject;
 import org.nwapw.abacus.number.NumberInterface;
 import org.nwapw.abacus.parsing.LexerTokenizer;
 import org.nwapw.abacus.parsing.ShuntingYardParser;
 import org.nwapw.abacus.parsing.TreeBuilder;
 import org.nwapw.abacus.plugin.ClassFinder;
+import org.nwapw.abacus.plugin.NumberImplementation;
 import org.nwapw.abacus.plugin.PluginManager;
 import org.nwapw.abacus.plugin.StandardPlugin;
 import org.nwapw.abacus.tree.NumberReducer;
 import org.nwapw.abacus.tree.TreeNode;
+import org.nwapw.abacus.window.Window;
 
+import javax.swing.*;
 import java.io.File;
 import java.io.IOException;
-import java.lang.reflect.InvocationTargetException;
 
 /**
  * The main calculator class. This is responsible
@@ -24,10 +24,7 @@ import java.lang.reflect.InvocationTargetException;
  */
 public class Abacus {
 
-    /**
-     * The default implementation to use for the number representation.
-     */
-    public static final Class<? extends NumberInterface> DEFAULT_NUMBER = NaiveNumber.class;
+    public static final NumberImplementation DEFAULT_IMPLEMENTATION = StandardPlugin.IMPLEMENTATION_NAIVE;
     /**
      * The file used for saving and loading configuration.
      */
@@ -46,7 +43,7 @@ public class Abacus {
     /**
      * The configuration loaded from a file.
      */
-    private Configuration configuration;
+    private ConfigurationObject configuration;
     /**
      * The tree builder used to construct a tree
      * from a string.
@@ -59,8 +56,8 @@ public class Abacus {
     public Abacus() {
         pluginManager = new PluginManager();
         numberReducer = new NumberReducer(this);
-        configuration = new Configuration(CONFIG_FILE);
-        configuration.saveTo(CONFIG_FILE);
+        configuration = new ConfigurationObject(CONFIG_FILE);
+        configuration.save(CONFIG_FILE);
         LexerTokenizer lexerTokenizer = new LexerTokenizer();
         ShuntingYardParser shuntingYardParser = new ShuntingYardParser(this);
         treeBuilder = new TreeBuilder<>(lexerTokenizer, shuntingYardParser);
@@ -78,7 +75,13 @@ public class Abacus {
     }
 
     public static void main(String[] args) {
-        AbacusApplication.launch(AbacusApplication.class, args);
+        try {
+            UIManager.setLookAndFeel(UIManager.getSystemLookAndFeelClassName());
+        } catch (ClassNotFoundException | InstantiationException | UnsupportedLookAndFeelException | IllegalAccessException e) {
+            e.printStackTrace();
+        }
+
+        new Window(new Abacus()).setVisible(true);
     }
 
     /**
@@ -114,7 +117,7 @@ public class Abacus {
      *
      * @return the configuration object.
      */
-    public Configuration getConfiguration() {
+    public ConfigurationObject getConfiguration() {
         return configuration;
     }
 
@@ -147,15 +150,10 @@ public class Abacus {
      * @return the resulting number.
      */
     public NumberInterface numberFromString(String numberString) {
-        Class<? extends NumberInterface> toInstantiate =
-                pluginManager.numberFor(configuration.getNumberImplementation());
-        if (toInstantiate == null) toInstantiate = DEFAULT_NUMBER;
+        NumberImplementation toInstantiate =
+                pluginManager.numberImplementationFor(configuration.getNumberImplementation());
+        if (toInstantiate == null) toInstantiate = DEFAULT_IMPLEMENTATION;
 
-        try {
-            return toInstantiate.getConstructor(String.class).newInstance(numberString);
-        } catch (InstantiationException | IllegalAccessException | NoSuchMethodException | InvocationTargetException e) {
-            e.printStackTrace();
-        }
-        return null;
+        return toInstantiate.instanceForString(numberString);
     }
 }

src/main/java/org/nwapw/abacus/config/Configuration.java

@@ -1,83 +1,14 @@
 package org.nwapw.abacus.config;
 
-import com.moandjiezana.toml.Toml;
-import com.moandjiezana.toml.TomlWriter;
-
-import java.io.File;
-import java.io.IOException;
-
 /**
- * The configuration object that stores
- * options that the user can change.
+ * Serializable class that will be used to load TOML
+ * configurations.
  */
 public class Configuration {
 
     /**
-     * The TOML writer used to write this configuration to a file.
+     * The type of number this calculator should use.
      */
-    private static final TomlWriter TOML_WRITER = new TomlWriter();
-    /**
-     * The TOML reader used to load this config from a file.
-     */
-    private static final Toml TOML_READER = new Toml();
+    public String numberType;
 
-    /**
-     * The implementation of the number that should be used.
-     */
-    private String numberImplementation = "naive";
-
-    /**
-     * Creates a new configuration with the given values.
-     * @param numberImplementation the number implementation, like "naive" or "precise"
-     */
-    public Configuration(String numberImplementation){
-        this.numberImplementation = numberImplementation;
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * Loads a configuration from a given file, keeping non-specified fields default.
-     * @param fromFile the file to load from.
-     */
-    public Configuration(File fromFile){
-        if(!fromFile.exists()) return;
-        copyFrom(TOML_READER.read(fromFile).to(Configuration.class));
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * Copies the values from the given configuration into this one.
-     * @param otherConfiguration the configuration to copy from.
-     */
-    public void copyFrom(Configuration otherConfiguration){
-        this.numberImplementation = otherConfiguration.numberImplementation;
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * Saves this configuration to the given file, creating
-     * any directories that do not exist.
-     * @param file the file to save to.
-     */
-    public void saveTo(File file){
-        if(file.getParentFile() != null) file.getParentFile().mkdirs();
-        try {
-            TOML_WRITER.write(this, file);
-        } catch (IOException e) {
-            e.printStackTrace();
-        }
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * Gets the number implementation from this configuration.
-     * @return the number implementation.
-     */
-    public String getNumberImplementation() {
-        return numberImplementation;
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * Sets the number implementation for the configuration
-     * @param numberImplementation the number implementation.
-     */
-    public void setNumberImplementation(String numberImplementation) {
-        this.numberImplementation = numberImplementation;
-    }
 }

src/main/java/org/nwapw/abacus/config/ConfigurationObject.java

@@ -0,0 +1,111 @@
+package org.nwapw.abacus.config;
+
+import com.moandjiezana.toml.Toml;
+import com.moandjiezana.toml.TomlWriter;
+
+import java.io.File;
+import java.io.IOException;
+
+/**
+ * A configuration object, which essentially
+ * manages saving, loading, and getting values
+ * from the configuration. While Configuration is
+ * the data model, this is the interface with it.
+ */
+public class ConfigurationObject {
+
+    /**
+     * The writer used to store the configuration.
+     */
+    private static final TomlWriter TOML_WRITER = new TomlWriter();
+    /**
+     * The configuration instance being modeled.
+     */
+    private Configuration configuration;
+
+    /**
+     * Creates a new configuration object with the given config.
+     *
+     * @param config the config to use.
+     */
+    public ConfigurationObject(Configuration config) {
+        setup(config);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Create a configuration object by attempting to
+     * load a config from the given path, using the
+     * default configuration otherwise.
+     *
+     * @param path the path to attempt to load.
+     */
+    public ConfigurationObject(File path) {
+        Configuration config;
+        if (!path.exists()) {
+            config = getDefaultConfig();
+        } else {
+            Toml parse = new Toml();
+            parse.read(path);
+            config = parse.to(Configuration.class);
+        }
+        setup(config);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Creates a new configuration object with the
+     * default configuration.
+     */
+    public ConfigurationObject() {
+        setup(getDefaultConfig());
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Sets up the ConfigurationObject.
+     * different constructors do different things,
+     * but they all lead here.
+     *
+     * @param configuration the configuration to set up with.
+     */
+    private void setup(Configuration configuration) {
+        this.configuration = configuration;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Creates a default configuration.
+     *
+     * @return the newly created default configuration.
+     */
+    private Configuration getDefaultConfig() {
+        configuration = new Configuration();
+        configuration.numberType = "naive";
+        return configuration;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Returns the implementation the user has requested to
+     * represent their numbers.
+     *
+     * @return the implementation name.
+     */
+    public String getNumberImplementation() {
+        return configuration.numberType;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Saves the ConfigurationObject to the given file.
+     *
+     * @param toFile the file to save ot.
+     * @return true if the save succeed, false if otherwise.
+     */
+    public boolean save(File toFile) {
+        if (toFile.getParentFile() != null) toFile.getParentFile().mkdirs();
+        try {
+            TOML_WRITER.write(configuration, toFile);
+            return true;
+        } catch (IOException e) {
+            e.printStackTrace();
+        }
+        return false;
+    }
+
+}

src/main/java/org/nwapw/abacus/function/Function.java

@@ -1,10 +1,6 @@
 package org.nwapw.abacus.function;
 
-import org.nwapw.abacus.number.NaiveNumber;
 import org.nwapw.abacus.number.NumberInterface;
-import org.nwapw.abacus.number.PreciseNumber;
-
-import java.util.HashMap;
 
 /**
  * A function that operates on one or more
@@ -12,15 +8,6 @@ import java.util.HashMap;
  */
 public abstract class Function {
 
-    /**
-     * A map to correctly promote different number implementations to each other.
-     */
-    private static final HashMap<Class<? extends NumberInterface>, Integer> priorityMap =
-            new HashMap<Class<? extends NumberInterface>, Integer>() {{
-                put(NaiveNumber.class, 0);
-                put(PreciseNumber.class, 1);
-            }};
-
     /**
      * Checks whether the given params will work for the given function.
      *

src/main/java/org/nwapw/abacus/function/OperatorType.java

@@ -4,5 +4,5 @@ package org.nwapw.abacus.function;
  * The type of an operator, describing how it should behave.
  */
 public enum OperatorType {
-    BINARY_INFIX, UNARY_POSTFIX, UNARY_PREFIX
+    BINARY_INFIX, UNARY_POSTFIX
 }

src/main/java/org/nwapw/abacus/fx/AbacusApplication.java

@@ -1,24 +0,0 @@
-package org.nwapw.abacus.fx;
-
-import javafx.application.Application;
-import javafx.fxml.FXMLLoader;
-import javafx.scene.Parent;
-import javafx.scene.Scene;
-import javafx.stage.Stage;
-
-/**
- * The main application class for JavaFX responsible for loading
- * and displaying the fxml file.
- */
-public class AbacusApplication extends Application {
-
-    @Override
-    public void start(Stage primaryStage) throws Exception {
-        Parent parent = FXMLLoader.load(getClass().getResource("/abacus.fxml"));
-        Scene mainScene = new Scene(parent, 320, 480);
-        primaryStage.setScene(mainScene);
-        primaryStage.setTitle("Abacus");
-        primaryStage.show();
-    }
-
-}

src/main/java/org/nwapw/abacus/fx/AbacusController.java

@@ -1,167 +0,0 @@
-package org.nwapw.abacus.fx;
-
-import javafx.application.Platform;
-import javafx.collections.FXCollections;
-import javafx.collections.ObservableList;
-import javafx.fxml.FXML;
-import javafx.scene.control.*;
-import javafx.scene.text.Text;
-import javafx.util.Callback;
-import org.nwapw.abacus.Abacus;
-import org.nwapw.abacus.number.NumberInterface;
-import org.nwapw.abacus.tree.TreeNode;
-
-
-/**
- * The controller for the abacus FX UI, responsible
- * for all the user interaction.
- */
-public class AbacusController {
-
-    /**
-     * Constant string that is displayed if the text could not be lexed or parsed.
-     */
-    private static final String ERR_SYNTAX = "Syntax Error";
-    /**
-     * Constant string that is displayed if the tree could not be reduced.
-     */
-    private static final String ERR_EVAL = "Evaluation Error";
-    /**
-     * Constant string that is displayed if the calculations are stopped before they are done.
-     */
-    private static final String ERR_STOP = "Stopped";
-    @FXML
-    private TableView<HistoryModel> historyTable;
-    @FXML
-    private TableColumn<HistoryModel, String> inputColumn;
-    @FXML
-    private TableColumn<HistoryModel, String> parsedColumn;
-    @FXML
-    private TableColumn<HistoryModel, String> outputColumn;
-    @FXML
-    private Text outputText;
-    @FXML
-    private TextField inputField;
-    @FXML
-    private Button inputButton;
-    @FXML
-    private ComboBox<String> numberImplementationBox;
-
-    /**
-     * The list of history entries, created by the users.
-     */
-    private ObservableList<HistoryModel> historyData;
-
-    /**
-     * The abacus instance used for calculations and all
-     * other main processing code.
-     */
-    private ObservableList<String> numberImplementationOptions;
-
-    /**
-     * Thread used for calculating.
-     */
-    private Thread calcThread;
-
-    /**
-     * Checks whether the calculator is calculating.
-     */
-    private boolean calculating;
-
-    /**
-     * Seconds delayed for timer;
-     */
-    private double delay = 0;
-    private Abacus abacus;
-
-    @FXML
-    public void initialize(){
-        Callback<TableColumn<HistoryModel, String>, TableCell<HistoryModel, String>> cellFactory =
-                param -> new CopyableCell<>();
-
-        historyData = FXCollections.observableArrayList();
-        historyTable.setItems(historyData);
-        numberImplementationOptions = FXCollections.observableArrayList();
-        numberImplementationBox.setItems(numberImplementationOptions);
-        numberImplementationBox.valueProperty().addListener((observable, oldValue, newValue)
-                -> {
-            abacus.getConfiguration().setNumberImplementation(newValue);
-            abacus.getConfiguration().saveTo(Abacus.CONFIG_FILE);
-        });
-        historyTable.getSelectionModel().setCellSelectionEnabled(true);
-        inputColumn.setCellFactory(cellFactory);
-        inputColumn.setCellValueFactory(cell -> cell.getValue().inputProperty());
-        parsedColumn.setCellFactory(cellFactory);
-        parsedColumn.setCellValueFactory(cell -> cell.getValue().parsedProperty());
-        outputColumn.setCellFactory(cellFactory);
-        outputColumn.setCellValueFactory(cell -> cell.getValue().outputProperty());
-
-        abacus = new Abacus();
-        numberImplementationOptions.addAll(abacus.getPluginManager().getAllNumbers());
-        String actualImplementation = abacus.getConfiguration().getNumberImplementation();
-        String toSelect = (numberImplementationOptions.contains(actualImplementation)) ? actualImplementation : "naive";
-        numberImplementationBox.getSelectionModel().select(toSelect);
-    }
-
-    @FXML
-    private void performCalculation(){
-        Runnable calculator = new Runnable(){
-            public void run() {
-                if(delay>0) {
-                    Runnable timer = new Runnable() {
-                        public void run() {
-                            long gap = (long) (delay * 1000);
-                            long startTime = System.currentTimeMillis();
-                            while (System.currentTimeMillis() - startTime <= gap) {
-                            }
-                            stopCalculation();
-                        }
-                    };
-                    Thread maxTime = new Thread(timer);
-                    maxTime.setName("maxTime");
-                    maxTime.start();
-                }
-                calculating = true;
-                Platform.runLater(() -> inputButton.setDisable(true));
-                TreeNode constructedTree = abacus.parseString(inputField.getText());
-                if (constructedTree == null) {
-                    Platform.runLater(() ->outputText.setText(ERR_SYNTAX));
-                    Platform.runLater(() -> inputButton.setDisable(false));
-                    //return;
-                }else {
-                    NumberInterface evaluatedNumber = abacus.evaluateTree(constructedTree);
-                    if (evaluatedNumber == null) {
-                        if(Thread.currentThread().isInterrupted()){
-                            Platform.runLater(() -> outputText.setText(ERR_STOP));
-                            Platform.runLater(() -> inputButton.setDisable(false));
-                        }else {
-                            Platform.runLater(() -> outputText.setText(ERR_EVAL));
-                            Platform.runLater(() -> inputButton.setDisable(false));
-                            //return;
-                        }
-                    } else {
-                        Platform.runLater(() -> outputText.setText(evaluatedNumber.toString()));
-
-                        historyData.add(new HistoryModel(inputField.getText(), constructedTree.toString(), evaluatedNumber.toString()));
-
-                        Platform.runLater(() -> inputButton.setDisable(false));
-                        Platform.runLater(() -> inputField.setText(""));
-                    }
-                }
-                calculating = false;
-            }
-        };
-        if(!calculating) {
-                calcThread = new Thread(calculator);
-                calcThread.setName("calcThread");
-                calcThread.start();
-        }
-    }
-    @FXML
-    private void stopCalculation(){
-        calcThread.interrupt();
-        calculating = false;
-        //Platform.runLater(() ->inputButton.setDisable(false));
-    }
-
-}

src/main/java/org/nwapw/abacus/fx/CopyableCell.java

@@ -1,35 +0,0 @@
-package org.nwapw.abacus.fx;
-
-import javafx.scene.control.TableCell;
-import javafx.scene.input.MouseEvent;
-
-import java.awt.*;
-import java.awt.datatransfer.StringSelection;
-
-/**
- * A cell that copies its value to the clipboard
- * when double clicked.
- * @param <S> The type of the table view generic type.
- * @param <T> The type of the value contained in the cell.
- */
-public class CopyableCell<S, T> extends TableCell<S, T> {
-
-    /**
-     * Creates a new copyable cell.
-     */
-    public CopyableCell(){
-        addEventFilter(MouseEvent.MOUSE_CLICKED, event -> {
-            if(event.getClickCount() == 2){
-                Toolkit.getDefaultToolkit().getSystemClipboard()
-                        .setContents(new StringSelection(getText()), null);
-            }
-        });
-    }
-
-    @Override
-    protected void updateItem(T item, boolean empty) {
-        super.updateItem(item, empty);
-        setText((empty || item == null) ? null : item.toString());
-        setGraphic(null);
-    }
-}

src/main/java/org/nwapw/abacus/fx/HistoryModel.java

@@ -1,87 +0,0 @@
-package org.nwapw.abacus.fx;
-
-import javafx.beans.property.SimpleStringProperty;
-import javafx.beans.property.StringProperty;
-
-/**
- * The data model used for storing history entries.
- */
-public class HistoryModel {
-
-    /**
-     * The property used for displaying the column
-     * for the user input.
-     */
-    private final StringProperty input;
-    /**
-     * The property used for displaying the column
-     * that contains the parsed input.
-     */
-    private final StringProperty parsed;
-    /**
-     * The property used for displaying the column
-     * that contains the program output.
-     */
-    private final StringProperty output;
-
-    /**
-     * Creates a new history model with the given variables.
-     * @param input the user input
-     * @param parsed the parsed input
-     * @param output the program output.
-     */
-    public HistoryModel(String input, String parsed, String output){
-        this.input = new SimpleStringProperty();
-        this.parsed = new SimpleStringProperty();
-        this.output = new SimpleStringProperty();
-        this.input.setValue(input);
-        this.parsed.setValue(parsed);
-        this.output.setValue(output);
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * Gets the input property.
-     * @return the input property.
-     */
-    public StringProperty inputProperty() {
-        return input;
-    }
-    /**
-     * Gets the input.
-     * @return the input.
-     */
-    public String getInput() {
-        return input.get();
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * Gets the parsed input property.
-     * @return the parsed input property.
-     */
-    public StringProperty parsedProperty() {
-        return parsed;
-    }
-    /**
-     * Gets the parsed input.
-     * @return the parsed input.
-     */
-    public String getParsed() {
-        return parsed.get();
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * Gets the output property.
-     * @return the output property.
-     */
-    public StringProperty outputProperty() {
-        return output;
-    }
-    /**
-     * Gets the program output.
-     * @return the output.
-     */
-    public String getOutput() {
-        return output.get();
-    }
-
-}

src/main/java/org/nwapw/abacus/number/NaiveNumber.java

@@ -94,8 +94,23 @@ public class NaiveNumber implements NumberInterface {
     }
 
     @Override
-    public int ceiling() {
-        return (int) Math.ceil(value);
+    public NumberInterface ceiling() {
+        return new NaiveNumber(Math.ceil(value));
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public NumberInterface floor() {
+        return new NaiveNumber(Math.floor(value));
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public NumberInterface fractionalPart() {
+        return new NaiveNumber(value - Math.floor(value));
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public int intValue() {
+        return (int)value;
     }
 
     @Override

src/main/java/org/nwapw/abacus/number/NumberInterface.java

@@ -83,7 +83,26 @@ public interface NumberInterface {
      * Returns the least integer greater than or equal to the number.
      * @return the least integer >= the number, if int can hold the value.
      */
-    int ceiling();
+    NumberInterface ceiling();
+
+    /**
+     * Return the greatest integer less than or equal to the number.
+     * @return the greatest int >= the number, if int can hold the value.
+     */
+    NumberInterface floor();
+
+    /**
+     * Returns the fractional part of the number.
+     * @return the fractional part of the number.
+     */
+    NumberInterface fractionalPart();
+
+    /**
+     * Returns the integer representation of this number, discarding any fractional part,
+     * if int can hold the value.
+     * @return
+     */
+    int intValue();
 
     /**
      * Promotes this class to another number class.

src/main/java/org/nwapw/abacus/number/PreciseNumber.java

@@ -3,24 +3,20 @@ package org.nwapw.abacus.number;
 import java.math.BigDecimal;
 import java.math.RoundingMode;
 
-/**
- * A number that uses a BigDecimal to store its value,
- * leading to infinite possible precision.
- */
 public class PreciseNumber implements NumberInterface {
 
     /**
      * The number one.
      */
-    static final PreciseNumber ONE = new PreciseNumber(BigDecimal.ONE);
+    public static final PreciseNumber ONE = new PreciseNumber(BigDecimal.ONE);
     /**
      * The number zero.
      */
-    static final PreciseNumber ZERO = new PreciseNumber(BigDecimal.ZERO);
+    public static final PreciseNumber ZERO = new PreciseNumber(BigDecimal.ZERO);
     /**
      * The number ten.
      */
-    static final PreciseNumber TEN = new PreciseNumber(BigDecimal.TEN);
+    public static final PreciseNumber TEN = new PreciseNumber(BigDecimal.TEN);
 
     /**
      * The value of the PreciseNumber.
@@ -99,8 +95,38 @@ public class PreciseNumber implements NumberInterface {
     }
 
     @Override
-    public int ceiling() {
-        return (int) Math.ceil(value.doubleValue());
+    public NumberInterface ceiling() {
+        String str = value.toPlainString();
+        int decimalIndex = str.indexOf('.');
+        if(decimalIndex != -1){
+            return this.floor().add(ONE);
+        }
+        return this;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public NumberInterface floor() {
+        String str = value.toPlainString();
+        int decimalIndex = str.indexOf('.');
+        if(decimalIndex != -1){
+            return new PreciseNumber(str.substring(0, decimalIndex));
+        }
+        return this;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public NumberInterface fractionalPart() {
+        String str = value.toPlainString();
+        int decimalIndex = str.indexOf('.');
+        if(decimalIndex != -1){
+            return new PreciseNumber(str.substring(decimalIndex + 1));
+        }
+        return ZERO;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public int intValue() {
+        return value.intValue();
     }
 
     @Override

src/main/java/org/nwapw/abacus/parsing/ShuntingYardParser.java

@@ -55,12 +55,9 @@ public class ShuntingYardParser implements Parser<Match<TokenType>>, PluginListe
     public List<Match<TokenType>> intoPostfix(List<Match<TokenType>> from) {
         ArrayList<Match<TokenType>> output = new ArrayList<>();
         Stack<Match<TokenType>> tokenStack = new Stack<>();
-        TokenType previousType;
-        TokenType matchType = null;
         while (!from.isEmpty()) {
             Match<TokenType> match = from.remove(0);
-            previousType = matchType;
-            matchType = match.getType();
+            TokenType matchType = match.getType();
             if (matchType == TokenType.NUM) {
                 output.add(match);
             } else if (matchType == TokenType.FUNCTION) {
@@ -77,13 +74,7 @@ public class ShuntingYardParser implements Parser<Match<TokenType>>, PluginListe
                     continue;
                 }
 
-                if(tokenString.equals("-") && (previousType == null || previousType == TokenType.OP ||
-                        previousType == TokenType.OPEN_PARENTH)){
-                    from.add(0, new Match<>("`", TokenType.OP));
-                    continue;
-                }
-
-                while (!tokenStack.empty() && type == OperatorType.BINARY_INFIX) {
+                while (!tokenStack.empty()) {
                     Match<TokenType> otherMatch = tokenStack.peek();
                     TokenType otherMatchType = otherMatch.getType();
                     if (!(otherMatchType == TokenType.OP || otherMatchType == TokenType.FUNCTION)) break;
@@ -112,8 +103,8 @@ public class ShuntingYardParser implements Parser<Match<TokenType>>, PluginListe
         }
         while (!tokenStack.empty()) {
             Match<TokenType> match = tokenStack.peek();
-            TokenType newMatchType = match.getType();
-            if (!(newMatchType == TokenType.OP || newMatchType == TokenType.FUNCTION)) return null;
+            TokenType matchType = match.getType();
+            if (!(matchType == TokenType.OP || matchType == TokenType.FUNCTION)) return null;
             output.add(tokenStack.pop());
         }
         return output;
@@ -136,11 +127,11 @@ public class ShuntingYardParser implements Parser<Match<TokenType>>, PluginListe
                 TreeNode right = constructRecursive(matches);
                 TreeNode left = constructRecursive(matches);
                 if (left == null || right == null) return null;
-                else return new BinaryNode(operator, left, right);
+                else return new BinaryInfixNode(operator, left, right);
             } else {
                 TreeNode applyTo = constructRecursive(matches);
                 if (applyTo == null) return null;
-                else return new UnaryNode(operator, applyTo);
+                else return new UnaryPrefixNode(operator, applyTo);
             }
         } else if (matchType == TokenType.NUM) {
             return new NumberNode(abacus.numberFromString(match.getContent()));

src/main/java/org/nwapw/abacus/plugin/NumberImplementation.java

@@ -0,0 +1,75 @@
+package org.nwapw.abacus.plugin;
+
+import org.nwapw.abacus.number.NumberInterface;
+
+import java.util.HashMap;
+import java.util.Map;
+import java.util.function.Function;
+
+/**
+ * A class that holds data about a number implementation.
+ */
+public abstract class NumberImplementation {
+
+    /**
+     * The list of paths through which this implementation can be promoted.
+     */
+    protected Map<Class<? extends NumberInterface>, Function<NumberInterface, NumberInterface>> promotionPaths;
+    /**
+     * The implementation class for this implementation.
+     */
+    private Class<? extends NumberInterface> implementation;
+    /**
+     * The priority of converting into this number implementation.
+     */
+    private int priority;
+
+    /**
+     * Creates a new number implementation with the given data.
+     * @param implementation the implementation class.
+     * @param priority the priority, higher -> more likely to be converted into.
+     */
+    public NumberImplementation(Class<? extends NumberInterface> implementation, int priority){
+        this.implementation = implementation;
+        this.priority = priority;
+        promotionPaths = new HashMap<>();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Gets the list of all promotion paths this implementation can take.
+     * @return the map of documentation paths.
+     */
+    public final Map<Class<? extends NumberInterface>, Function<NumberInterface, NumberInterface>> getPromotionPaths(){
+        return promotionPaths;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Gets the implementation class used by this implementation.
+     * @return the implementation class.
+     */
+    public final Class<? extends NumberInterface> getImplementation(){
+        return implementation;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Gets the priority of this number implementation.
+     * @return the priority.
+     */
+    public final int getPriority(){
+        return priority;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Abstract function to create a new instance from a string.
+     * @param string the string to create a number from.
+     * @return the resulting number.
+     */
+    public abstract NumberInterface instanceForString(String string);
+
+    /**
+     * Get the instance of pi with the given implementation.
+     * @return pi
+     */
+    public abstract NumberInterface instanceForPi();
+
+}

src/main/java/org/nwapw/abacus/plugin/Plugin.java

@@ -26,9 +26,9 @@ public abstract class Plugin {
      */
     private Map<String, Operator> operators;
     /**
-     * A hash map of operators mapped to their string names.
+     * The map of the number implementations this plugin provides.
      */
-    private Map<String, Class<? extends NumberInterface>> numbers;
+    private Map<String, NumberImplementation> numberImplementations;
     /**
      * The plugin manager in which to search for functions
      * not inside this package,
@@ -51,7 +51,7 @@ public abstract class Plugin {
         this.manager = manager;
         functions = new HashMap<>();
         operators = new HashMap<>();
-        numbers = new HashMap<>();
+        numberImplementations = new HashMap<>();
         enabled = false;
     }
 
@@ -74,12 +74,12 @@ public abstract class Plugin {
     }
 
     /**
-     * Gets the list of all numbers provided by this plugin.
+     * Gets the list of number implementations provided by this plugin.
      *
-     * @return the list of registered numbers.
+     * @return the list of registered number implementations.
      */
-    public final Set<String> providedNumbers() {
-        return numbers.keySet();
+    public final Set<String> providedNumberImplementations(){
+        return numberImplementations.keySet();
     }
 
     /**
@@ -103,13 +103,13 @@ public abstract class Plugin {
     }
 
     /**
-     * Gets the class under the given name.
+     * Gets the number implementation under the given name.
      *
-     * @param numberName the name of the class.
-     * @return the class, or null if the plugin doesn't provide it.
+     * @param name the name of the number implementation to look up.
+     * @return the number implementation associated with that name, or null if the plugin doesn't provide it.
      */
-    public final Class<? extends NumberInterface> getNumber(String numberName) {
-        return numbers.get(numberName);
+    public final NumberImplementation getNumberImplementation(String name){
+        return numberImplementations.get(name);
     }
 
     /**
@@ -158,16 +158,13 @@ public abstract class Plugin {
     }
 
     /**
-     * To be used in load(). Registers a number class
-     * with the plugin internally, which makes it possible
-     * for the user to select it as an "implementation" for the
-     * number that they would like to use.
-     *
-     * @param name       the name to register it under.
-     * @param toRegister the class to register.
+     * To be used in load(). Registers a new number implementation with the plugin.
+     * This makes it accessible to the plugin manager.
+     * @param name the name of the implementation.
+     * @param implementation the actual implementation class to register.
      */
-    protected final void registerNumber(String name, Class<? extends NumberInterface> toRegister) {
-        numbers.put(name, toRegister);
+    protected final void registerNumberImplementation(String name, NumberImplementation implementation){
+        numberImplementations.put(name, implementation);
     }
 
     /**
@@ -194,6 +191,30 @@ public abstract class Plugin {
         return manager.operatorFor(name);
     }
 
+    /**
+     * Searches the PluginManager for the given number implementation
+     * name. This can be used by the plugins internally in order to find
+     * implementations that they do not provide.
+     *
+     * @param name the name for which to search.
+     * @return the resulting number implementation, or null if none was found.
+     */
+    protected final NumberImplementation numberImplementationFor(String name){
+        return manager.numberImplementationFor(name);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Searches the plugin manager for a Pi value for the given number implementation.
+     * This is done so that number implementations with various degrees of precision
+     * can provide their own pi values, without losing said precision by
+     * promoting NaiveNumbers.
+     * @param forClass the class to which to find the pi instance.
+     * @return the pi value for the given class.
+     */
+    protected final NumberInterface getPi(Class<? extends NumberInterface> forClass){
+        return manager.piFor(forClass);
+    }
+
     /**
      * Abstract method to be overridden by plugin implementation, in which the plugins
      * are supposed to register the functions they provide and do any other

src/main/java/org/nwapw/abacus/plugin/PluginManager.java

@@ -32,10 +32,19 @@ public class PluginManager {
      */
     private Map<String, Operator> cachedOperators;
     /**
-     * List of registered number implementations that have
+     * The list of number implementations that have
      * been cached, that is, found in a plugin and returned.
      */
-    private Map<String, Class<? extends NumberInterface>> cachedNumbers;
+    private Map<String, NumberImplementation> cachedNumberImplementations;
+    /**
+     * The list of number implementations that have been
+     * found by their implementation class.
+     */
+    private Map<Class<? extends NumberInterface>, NumberImplementation> cachedInterfaceImplementations;
+    /**
+     * The pi values for each implementation class that have already been computer.
+     */
+    private Map<Class<? extends NumberInterface>, NumberInterface> cachedPi;
     /**
      * List of all functions loaded by the plugins.
      */
@@ -45,9 +54,9 @@ public class PluginManager {
      */
     private Set<String> allOperators;
     /**
-     * List of all numbers loaded by the plugins.
+     * List of all the number implementations loaded by the plugins.
      */
-    private Set<String> allNumbers;
+    private Set<String> allNumberImplementations;
     /**
      * The list of plugin listeners attached to this instance.
      */
@@ -61,10 +70,12 @@ public class PluginManager {
         plugins = new HashSet<>();
         cachedFunctions = new HashMap<>();
         cachedOperators = new HashMap<>();
-        cachedNumbers = new HashMap<>();
+        cachedNumberImplementations = new HashMap<>();
+        cachedInterfaceImplementations = new HashMap<>();
+        cachedPi = new HashMap<>();
         allFunctions = new HashSet<>();
         allOperators = new HashSet<>();
-        allNumbers = new HashSet<>();
+        allNumberImplementations = new HashSet<>();
         listeners = new HashSet<>();
     }
 
@@ -80,12 +91,13 @@ public class PluginManager {
      * @param getFunction the function to get the T value under the given name
      * @param name        the name to search for
      * @param <T>         the type of element being search
+     * @param <K>         the type of key that the cache is indexed by.
      * @return the retrieved element, or null if it was not found.
      */
-    private static <T> T searchCached(Collection<Plugin> plugins, Map<String, T> cache,
-                                      java.util.function.Function<Plugin, Set<String>> setFunction,
-                                      java.util.function.BiFunction<Plugin, String, T> getFunction,
-                                      String name) {
+    private static <T, K> T searchCached(Collection<Plugin> plugins, Map<K, T> cache,
+                                      java.util.function.Function<Plugin, Set<K>> setFunction,
+                                      java.util.function.BiFunction<Plugin, K, T> getFunction,
+                                      K name) {
         if (cache.containsKey(name)) return cache.get(name);
 
         T loadedValue = null;
@@ -121,13 +133,51 @@ public class PluginManager {
     }
 
     /**
-     * Gets a numer implementation under the given name.
-     *
+     * Gets the number implementation under the given name.
      * @param name the name of the implementation.
-     * @return the implementation class
+     * @return the implementation.
      */
-    public Class<? extends NumberInterface> numberFor(String name) {
-        return searchCached(plugins, cachedNumbers, Plugin::providedNumbers, Plugin::getNumber, name);
+    public NumberImplementation numberImplementationFor(String name){
+        return searchCached(plugins, cachedNumberImplementations, Plugin::providedNumberImplementations,
+                Plugin::getNumberImplementation, name);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Gets the number implementation for the given implementation class.
+     * @param name the class for which to find the implementation.
+     * @return the implementation.
+     */
+    public NumberImplementation interfaceImplementationFor(Class<? extends NumberInterface> name){
+        if(cachedInterfaceImplementations.containsKey(name)) return cachedInterfaceImplementations.get(name);
+        NumberImplementation toReturn = null;
+        outside:
+        for(Plugin plugin : plugins){
+            for(String implementationName : plugin.providedNumberImplementations()){
+                NumberImplementation implementation = plugin.getNumberImplementation(implementationName);
+                if(implementation.getImplementation().equals(name)) {
+                    toReturn = implementation;
+                    break outside;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        cachedInterfaceImplementations.put(name, toReturn);
+        return toReturn;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Gets the mathematical constant pi for the given implementation class.
+     * @param forClass the class for which to find pi.
+     * @return pi
+     */
+    public NumberInterface piFor(Class<? extends NumberInterface> forClass){
+        if(cachedPi.containsKey(forClass)) return cachedPi.get(forClass);
+        NumberImplementation implementation = interfaceImplementationFor(forClass);
+        NumberInterface generatedPi = null;
+        if(implementation != null){
+            generatedPi = implementation.instanceForPi();
+        }
+        cachedPi.put(forClass, generatedPi);
+        return generatedPi;
     }
 
     /**
@@ -164,7 +214,7 @@ public class PluginManager {
         for (Plugin plugin : plugins) {
             allFunctions.addAll(plugin.providedFunctions());
             allOperators.addAll(plugin.providedOperators());
-            allNumbers.addAll(plugin.providedNumbers());
+            allNumberImplementations.addAll(plugin.providedNumberImplementations());
         }
         listeners.forEach(e -> e.onLoad(this));
     }
@@ -176,7 +226,7 @@ public class PluginManager {
         for (Plugin plugin : plugins) plugin.disable();
         allFunctions.clear();
         allOperators.clear();
-        allNumbers.clear();
+        allNumberImplementations.clear();
         listeners.forEach(e -> e.onUnload(this));
     }
 
@@ -207,12 +257,12 @@ public class PluginManager {
     }
 
     /**
-     * Gets all the number implementations loaded by the Plugin Manager
+     * Gets all the number implementations loaded by the Plugin Manager.
      *
-     * @return the set of all implementations that were loaded
+     * @return the set of all implementations that were loaded.
      */
-    public Set<String> getAllNumbers() {
-        return allNumbers;
+    public Set<String> getAllNumberImplementations(){
+        return allNumberImplementations;
     }
 
     /**

src/main/java/org/nwapw/abacus/plugin/StandardPlugin.java

@@ -31,13 +31,9 @@ public class StandardPlugin extends Plugin {
 
         @Override
         protected NumberInterface applyInternal(NumberInterface[] params) {
-            if(Thread.currentThread().isInterrupted())
-                return null;
             NumberInterface sum = params[0];
             for (int i = 1; i < params.length; i++) {
                 sum = sum.add(params[i]);
-                if(Thread.currentThread().isInterrupted())
-                    return null;
             }
             return sum;
         }
@@ -53,26 +49,7 @@ public class StandardPlugin extends Plugin {
 
         @Override
         protected NumberInterface applyInternal(NumberInterface[] params) {
-            if(Thread.currentThread().isInterrupted())
-                return null;
             return params[0].subtract(params[1]);
-
-        }
-    });
-    /**
-     * The negation operator, -
-     */
-    public static final Operator OP_NEGATE = new Operator(OperatorAssociativity.LEFT, OperatorType.UNARY_PREFIX, 0, new Function() {
-        @Override
-        protected boolean matchesParams(NumberInterface[] params) {
-            return params.length == 1;
-        }
-
-        @Override
-        protected NumberInterface applyInternal(NumberInterface[] params) {
-            if(Thread.currentThread().isInterrupted())
-                return null;
-            return params[0].negate();
         }
     });
     /**
@@ -86,13 +63,9 @@ public class StandardPlugin extends Plugin {
 
         @Override
         protected NumberInterface applyInternal(NumberInterface[] params) {
-            if(Thread.currentThread().isInterrupted())
-                return null;
             NumberInterface product = params[0];
             for (int i = 1; i < params.length; i++) {
                 product = product.multiply(params[i]);
-                if(Thread.currentThread().isInterrupted())
-                    return null;
             }
             return product;
         }
@@ -103,14 +76,16 @@ public class StandardPlugin extends Plugin {
     public static final Operator OP_DIVIDE = new Operator(OperatorAssociativity.LEFT, OperatorType.BINARY_INFIX, 1, new Function() {
         @Override
         protected boolean matchesParams(NumberInterface[] params) {
-            return params.length == 2;
+            return params.length >= 1;
         }
 
         @Override
         protected NumberInterface applyInternal(NumberInterface[] params) {
-            if(Thread.currentThread().isInterrupted())
-                return null;
-            return params[0].divide(params[1]);
+            NumberInterface product = params[0];
+            for (int i = 1; i < params.length; i++) {
+                product = product.multiply(params[i]);
+            }
+            return product;
         }
     });
     /**
@@ -120,24 +95,22 @@ public class StandardPlugin extends Plugin {
         //private HashMap<Class<? extends NumberInterface>, ArrayList<NumberInterface>> storedList = new HashMap<Class<? extends NumberInterface>, ArrayList<NumberInterface>>();
         @Override
         protected boolean matchesParams(NumberInterface[] params) {
-            return params.length == 1;
+            return params.length == 1
+                    && params[0].fractionalPart().compareTo(NaiveNumber.ZERO.promoteTo(params[0].getClass())) == 0
+                    && params[0].signum() >= 0;
         }
 
         @Override
         protected NumberInterface applyInternal(NumberInterface[] params) {
-            if(Thread.currentThread().isInterrupted())
-                return null;
             if (params[0].signum() == 0) {
                 return (new NaiveNumber(1)).promoteTo(params[0].getClass());
             }
             NumberInterface factorial = params[0];
             NumberInterface multiplier = params[0];
             //It is necessary to later prevent calls of factorial on anything but non-negative integers.
-            while (!Thread.currentThread().isInterrupted()&&(multiplier = multiplier.subtract(NaiveNumber.ONE.promoteTo(multiplier.getClass())))!=null&&multiplier.signum() == 1) {
+            while ((multiplier = multiplier.subtract(NaiveNumber.ONE.promoteTo(multiplier.getClass()))).signum() == 1) {
                 factorial = factorial.multiply(multiplier);
             }
-            if(Thread.currentThread().isInterrupted())
-                return null;
             return factorial;
                 /*if(!storedList.containsKey(params[0].getClass())){
                     storedList.put(params[0].getClass(), new ArrayList<NumberInterface>());
@@ -157,12 +130,7 @@ public class StandardPlugin extends Plugin {
 
         @Override
         protected NumberInterface applyInternal(NumberInterface[] params) {
-            if(Thread.currentThread().isInterrupted())
-                return null;
-            NumberInterface check;
-            if((check = FUNCTION_EXP.apply(FUNCTION_LN.apply(params[0])))!=null&&(check = check.multiply(params[1]))!=null)
-                return check;
-            return null;
+            return FUNCTION_EXP.apply(FUNCTION_LN.apply(params[0]).multiply(params[1]));
         }
     });
     /**
@@ -176,8 +144,6 @@ public class StandardPlugin extends Plugin {
 
         @Override
         protected NumberInterface applyInternal(NumberInterface[] params) {
-            if(Thread.currentThread().isInterrupted())
-                return null;
             return params[0].multiply((new NaiveNumber(params[0].signum())).promoteTo(params[0].getClass()));
         }
     };
@@ -192,17 +158,14 @@ public class StandardPlugin extends Plugin {
 
         @Override
         protected NumberInterface applyInternal(NumberInterface[] params) {
-            if(Thread.currentThread().isInterrupted())
-                return null;
             NumberInterface maxError = getMaxError(params[0]);
             int n = 0;
             if(params[0].signum() <= 0){
                 NumberInterface currentTerm = NaiveNumber.ONE.promoteTo(params[0].getClass()), sum = currentTerm;
-                NumberInterface check;
-                while((check = FUNCTION_ABS.apply(currentTerm))!=null && (check.compareTo(maxError) > 0)){
+                while(FUNCTION_ABS.apply(currentTerm).compareTo(maxError) > 0){
                     n++;
-                    if(Thread.currentThread().isInterrupted()||(currentTerm = currentTerm.multiply(params[0]))==null||(currentTerm = currentTerm.divide((new NaiveNumber(n)).promoteTo(params[0].getClass())))==null||(sum = (sum.add(currentTerm)))==null)
-                        return null;
+                    currentTerm = currentTerm.multiply(params[0]).divide((new NaiveNumber(n)).promoteTo(params[0].getClass()));
+                    sum = sum.add(currentTerm);
                 }
                 return sum;
             }
@@ -211,28 +174,18 @@ public class StandardPlugin extends Plugin {
                 //right and left refer to lhs and rhs in the above inequality.
                 NumberInterface sum = NaiveNumber.ONE.promoteTo(params[0].getClass());
                 NumberInterface nextNumerator = params[0];
-                //NumberInterface left = params[0].multiply((new NaiveNumber(3)).promoteTo(params[0].getClass()).intPow(params[0].ceiling())), right = maxError;
-                NumberInterface check;
-                        if((check =intPow(new NaiveNumber(3).promoteTo(params[0].getClass()),params[0].getClass(),(new NaiveNumber(params[0].ceiling())).promoteTo(params[0].getClass())))==null)
-                            return null;
-                        NumberInterface left = params[0].multiply(check), right = maxError;
+                NumberInterface left = params[0].multiply((new NaiveNumber(3)).promoteTo(params[0].getClass()).intPow(params[0].ceiling().intValue())), right = maxError;
                 do{
-                    if((check = factorial(params[0].getClass(),n+1))==null||(check = nextNumerator.divide(check))==null||(sum = sum.add(check))==null)
-                        return null;
+                    sum = sum.add(nextNumerator.divide(factorial(params[0].getClass(), n+1)));
                     n++;
-                    if((nextNumerator = nextNumerator.multiply(params[0]))==null)
-                        return null;
-                    if((left = left.multiply(params[0]))==null)
-                        return null;
+                    nextNumerator = nextNumerator.multiply(params[0]);
+                    left = left.multiply(params[0]);
                     NumberInterface nextN = (new NaiveNumber(n+1)).promoteTo(params[0].getClass());
-                    if((right = right.multiply(nextN))==null)
-                        return null;
+                    right = right.multiply(nextN);
                     //System.out.println(left + ", " + right);
                 }
-                while(!Thread.currentThread().isInterrupted()&&left.compareTo(right) > 0);
+                while(left.compareTo(right) > 0);
                 //System.out.println(n+1);
-               if(Thread.currentThread().isInterrupted())
-                    return null;
                 return sum;
             }
         }
@@ -248,32 +201,26 @@ public class StandardPlugin extends Plugin {
 
         @Override
         protected NumberInterface applyInternal(NumberInterface[] params) {
-            if(Thread.currentThread().isInterrupted())
-                return null;
             NumberInterface param = params[0];
             int powersOf2 = 0;
-            NumberInterface check;
-            while (!Thread.currentThread().isInterrupted()&&(check = FUNCTION_ABS.apply(param.subtract(NaiveNumber.ONE.promoteTo(param.getClass()))))!=null&&(check.compareTo((new NaiveNumber(0.1)).promoteTo(param.getClass()))) >= 0) {
-                if ((check = param.subtract(NaiveNumber.ONE.promoteTo(param.getClass())))!=null&&check.signum() == 1) {
+            while (FUNCTION_ABS.apply(param.subtract(NaiveNumber.ONE.promoteTo(param.getClass()))).compareTo((new NaiveNumber(0.1)).promoteTo(param.getClass())) >= 0) {
+                if (param.subtract(NaiveNumber.ONE.promoteTo(param.getClass())).signum() == 1) {
                     param = param.divide(new NaiveNumber(2).promoteTo(param.getClass()));
                     powersOf2++;
-                    if ((check = param.subtract(NaiveNumber.ONE.promoteTo(param.getClass())))==null||check.signum() != 1) {
+                    if (param.subtract(NaiveNumber.ONE.promoteTo(param.getClass())).signum() != 1) {
                         break;
                         //No infinite loop for you.
                     }
                 } else {
                     param = param.multiply(new NaiveNumber(2).promoteTo(param.getClass()));
                     powersOf2--;
-                    if ((check = param.subtract(NaiveNumber.ONE.promoteTo(param.getClass())))==null||check.signum() != 1) {
+                    if (param.subtract(NaiveNumber.ONE.promoteTo(param.getClass())).signum() != 1) {
                         break;
                         //No infinite loop for you.
                     }
                 }
             }
-            NumberInterface check2;
-            if(!Thread.currentThread().isInterrupted()&&(check = getLog2(param))!=null&&(check = check.multiply((new NaiveNumber(powersOf2).promoteTo(param.getClass()))))!=null&&(check2 = getLogPartialSum(param))!=null&&(check = check.add(check2))!=null)
-                   return check;
-            return null;
+            return getLog2(param).multiply((new NaiveNumber(powersOf2)).promoteTo(param.getClass())).add(getLogPartialSum(param));
         }
 
         /**
@@ -283,23 +230,16 @@ public class StandardPlugin extends Plugin {
          * @return the partial sum.
          */
         private NumberInterface getLogPartialSum(NumberInterface x) {
-
-            if(Thread.currentThread().isInterrupted())
-                return null;
             NumberInterface maxError = getMaxError(x);
             x = x.subtract(NaiveNumber.ONE.promoteTo(x.getClass())); //Terms used are for log(x+1).
             NumberInterface currentNumerator = x, currentTerm = x, sum = x;
             int n = 1;
-            NumberInterface check;
-            while (!Thread.currentThread().isInterrupted()&&(check = FUNCTION_ABS.apply(currentTerm))!=null&&check.compareTo(maxError) > 0) {
+            while (FUNCTION_ABS.apply(currentTerm).compareTo(maxError) > 0) {
                 n++;
-                if((currentNumerator = currentNumerator.multiply(x))==null||(currentNumerator = currentNumerator.negate())==null)
-                    return null;
+                currentNumerator = currentNumerator.multiply(x).negate();
                 currentTerm = currentNumerator.divide(new NaiveNumber(n).promoteTo(x.getClass()));
                 sum = sum.add(currentTerm);
             }
-            if(Thread.currentThread().isInterrupted())
-                return null;
             return sum;
         }
 
@@ -309,8 +249,6 @@ public class StandardPlugin extends Plugin {
          * @return the value of log(2) with the appropriate precision.
          */
         private NumberInterface getLog2(NumberInterface number) {
-            if(Thread.currentThread().isInterrupted())
-                return null;
             NumberInterface maxError = getMaxError(number);
             //NumberInterface errorBound = (new NaiveNumber(1)).promoteTo(number.getClass());
             //We'll use the series \sigma_{n >= 1) ((1/3^n + 1/4^n) * 1/n)
@@ -319,17 +257,13 @@ public class StandardPlugin extends Plugin {
             NumberInterface a = (new NaiveNumber(1)).promoteTo(number.getClass()), b = a, c = a;
             NumberInterface sum = NaiveNumber.ZERO.promoteTo(number.getClass());
             int n = 0;
-            while (!Thread.currentThread().isInterrupted()&&a.compareTo(maxError) >= 1) {
+            while (a.compareTo(maxError) >= 1) {
                 n++;
                 a = a.divide((new NaiveNumber(3)).promoteTo(number.getClass()));
                 b = b.divide((new NaiveNumber(4)).promoteTo(number.getClass()));
                 c = NaiveNumber.ONE.promoteTo(number.getClass()).divide((new NaiveNumber(n)).promoteTo(number.getClass()));
-                NumberInterface check;
-                if(a==null||(check = a.add(b))==null||(check = check.multiply(c))==null||(sum = sum.add(check))==null)
-                    return null;
+                sum = sum.add(a.add(b).multiply(c));
             }
-            if(Thread.currentThread().isInterrupted())
-                return null;
             return sum;
         }
     };
@@ -348,6 +282,145 @@ public class StandardPlugin extends Plugin {
         }
     };
 
+    /**
+     * The sine function (the argument is interpreted in radians).
+     */
+    public final Function functionSin = new Function() {
+        @Override
+        protected boolean matchesParams(NumberInterface[] params) {
+            return params.length == 1;
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        protected NumberInterface applyInternal(NumberInterface[] params) {
+            NumberInterface pi = getPi(params[0].getClass());
+            NumberInterface twoPi = pi.multiply(new NaiveNumber(2).promoteTo(pi.getClass()));
+            NumberInterface theta = getSmallAngle(params[0], pi);
+            //System.out.println(theta);
+            if(theta.compareTo(pi.multiply(new NaiveNumber(1.5).promoteTo(twoPi.getClass()))) >= 0){
+                theta = theta.subtract(twoPi);
+            }
+            else if(theta.compareTo(pi.divide(new NaiveNumber(2).promoteTo(pi.getClass()))) > 0){
+                theta = pi.subtract(theta);
+            }
+            //System.out.println(theta);
+            return sinTaylor(theta);
+        }
+    };
+
+    public final Function functionCos = new Function() {
+        @Override
+        protected boolean matchesParams(NumberInterface[] params) {
+            return params.length == 1;
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        protected NumberInterface applyInternal(NumberInterface[] params) {
+            return functionSin.apply(getPi(params[0].getClass()).divide(new NaiveNumber(2).promoteTo(params[0].getClass()))
+                .subtract(params[0]));
+        }
+    };
+
+    public final Function functionTan = new Function() {
+        @Override
+        protected boolean matchesParams(NumberInterface[] params) {
+            return params.length == 1;
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        protected NumberInterface applyInternal(NumberInterface[] params) {
+            return functionSin.apply(params[0]).divide(functionCos.apply(params[0]));
+        }
+    };
+
+    public final Function functionSec = new Function() {
+        @Override
+        protected boolean matchesParams(NumberInterface[] params) {
+            return params.length == 1;
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        protected NumberInterface applyInternal(NumberInterface[] params) {
+            return NaiveNumber.ONE.promoteTo(params[0].getClass()).divide(functionCos.apply(params[0]));
+        }
+    };
+
+    public final Function functionCsc = new Function() {
+        @Override
+        protected boolean matchesParams(NumberInterface[] params) {
+            return params.length == 1;
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        protected NumberInterface applyInternal(NumberInterface[] params) {
+            return NaiveNumber.ONE.promoteTo(params[0].getClass()).divide(functionSin.apply(params[0]));
+        }
+    };
+
+    public final Function functionCot = new Function() {
+        @Override
+        protected boolean matchesParams(NumberInterface[] params) {
+            return params.length == 1;
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        protected NumberInterface applyInternal(NumberInterface[] params) {
+            return functionCos.apply(params[0]).divide(functionCos.apply(params[0]));
+        }
+    };
+
+    /**
+     * The implementation for double-based naive numbers.
+     */
+    public static final NumberImplementation IMPLEMENTATION_NAIVE = new NumberImplementation(NaiveNumber.class, 0) {
+        @Override
+        public NumberInterface instanceForString(String string) {
+            return new NaiveNumber(string);
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public NumberInterface instanceForPi() {
+            return new NaiveNumber(Math.PI);
+        }
+    };
+
+    /**
+     * The implementation for the infinite-precision BigDecimal.
+     */
+    public static final NumberImplementation IMPLEMENTATION_PRECISE = new NumberImplementation(PreciseNumber.class, 0) {
+        @Override
+        public NumberInterface instanceForString(String string) {
+            return new PreciseNumber(string);
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public NumberInterface instanceForPi() {
+            NumberInterface C = FUNCTION_SQRT.apply(new PreciseNumber("10005")).multiply(new PreciseNumber("426880"));
+            NumberInterface M = PreciseNumber.ONE;
+            NumberInterface L = new PreciseNumber("13591409");
+            NumberInterface X = M;
+            NumberInterface sum = L;
+            int termsNeeded = C.getMaxPrecision()/13 + 1;
+
+            NumberInterface lSummand = new PreciseNumber("545140134");
+            NumberInterface xMultiplier = new PreciseNumber("262537412")
+                    .multiply(new PreciseNumber("1000000000"))
+                    .add(new PreciseNumber("640768000"))
+                    .negate();
+            for(int i = 0; i < termsNeeded; i++){
+                M = M
+                        .multiply(new NaiveNumber(12*i+2).promoteTo(PreciseNumber.class))
+                        .multiply(new NaiveNumber(12*i+6).promoteTo(PreciseNumber.class))
+                        .multiply(new NaiveNumber(12*i+10).promoteTo(PreciseNumber.class))
+                        .divide(new NaiveNumber(Math.pow(i+1,3)).promoteTo(PreciseNumber.class));
+                L = L.add(lSummand);
+                X = X.multiply(xMultiplier);
+                sum = sum.add(M.multiply(L).divide(X));
+            }
+            return C.divide(sum);
+        }
+    };
+
     public StandardPlugin(PluginManager manager) {
         super(manager);
     }
@@ -380,12 +453,11 @@ public class StandardPlugin extends Plugin {
 
     @Override
     public void onEnable() {
-        registerNumber("naive", NaiveNumber.class);
-        registerNumber("precise", PreciseNumber.class);
+        registerNumberImplementation("naive", IMPLEMENTATION_NAIVE);
+        registerNumberImplementation("precise", IMPLEMENTATION_PRECISE);
 
         registerOperator("+", OP_ADD);
         registerOperator("-", OP_SUBTRACT);
-        registerOperator("`", OP_NEGATE);
         registerOperator("*", OP_MULTIPLY);
         registerOperator("/", OP_DIVIDE);
         registerOperator("^", OP_CARET);
@@ -395,6 +467,12 @@ public class StandardPlugin extends Plugin {
         registerFunction("exp", FUNCTION_EXP);
         registerFunction("ln", FUNCTION_LN);
         registerFunction("sqrt", FUNCTION_SQRT);
+        registerFunction("sin", functionSin);
+        registerFunction("cos", functionCos);
+        registerFunction("tan", functionTan);
+        registerFunction("sec", functionSec);
+        registerFunction("csc", functionCsc);
+        registerFunction("cot", functionCot);
     }
 
     @Override
@@ -402,44 +480,58 @@ public class StandardPlugin extends Plugin {
 
     }
 
+    /**
+     * A factorial function that uses memoization for each number class; it efficiently
+     * computes factorials of non-negative integers.
+     * @param numberClass type of number to return.
+     * @param n non-negative integer.
+     * @return a number of numClass with value n factorial.
+     */
     public static NumberInterface factorial(Class<? extends NumberInterface> numberClass, int n){
-        if(Thread.currentThread().isInterrupted())
-            return null;
         if(!factorialLists.containsKey(numberClass)){
-            factorialLists.put(numberClass, new ArrayList<>());
+            factorialLists.put(numberClass, new ArrayList<NumberInterface>());
             factorialLists.get(numberClass).add(NaiveNumber.ONE.promoteTo(numberClass));
             factorialLists.get(numberClass).add(NaiveNumber.ONE.promoteTo(numberClass));
         }
         ArrayList<NumberInterface> list = factorialLists.get(numberClass);
         if(n >= list.size()){
-            while(!Thread.currentThread().isInterrupted()&&list.size() < n + 16){
+            while(list.size() < n + 16){
                 list.add(list.get(list.size()-1).multiply(new NaiveNumber(list.size()).promoteTo(numberClass)));
             }
         }
-        if(Thread.currentThread().isInterrupted())
-            return null;
         return list.get(n);
     }
-    public static NumberInterface intPow(NumberInterface number, Class<? extends NumberInterface> numberClass,NumberInterface exponent) {
-        if(Thread.currentThread().isInterrupted())
-            return null;
-        if (exponent.compareTo((new NaiveNumber(0)).promoteTo(numberClass))==0) {
-            return (new NaiveNumber(1)).promoteTo(numberClass);
-        }
-        boolean takeReciprocal = exponent.compareTo((new NaiveNumber(0)).promoteTo(numberClass))<0;
-        exponent = FUNCTION_ABS.apply(exponent);
-        NumberInterface power = number;
-        for(NumberInterface currentExponent =(new NaiveNumber(1)).promoteTo(numberClass);currentExponent.compareTo(exponent)<0;currentExponent = currentExponent.add((new NaiveNumber(1)).promoteTo(numberClass))){
-            power = power.multiply(number);
-            if(Thread.currentThread().isInterrupted())
-                return null;
-        }
-        if (takeReciprocal) {
-            power = (new NaiveNumber(1)).promoteTo(numberClass).divide(power);
-        }
-        if(Thread.currentThread().isInterrupted())
-            return null;
-        return power;
+
+    /**
+     * Returns the value of the Taylor series for sin (centered at 0) at x.
+     * @param x where the series is evaluated.
+     * @return the value of the series
+     */
+    private static NumberInterface sinTaylor(NumberInterface x){
+        NumberInterface power = x, multiplier = x.multiply(x).negate(), currentTerm = x, sum = x;
+        NumberInterface maxError = getMaxError(x);
+        int n = 1;
+        do{
+            n += 2;
+            power = power.multiply(multiplier);
+            currentTerm = power.divide(factorial(x.getClass(), n));
+            sum = sum.add(currentTerm);
+        } while (FUNCTION_ABS.apply(currentTerm).compareTo(maxError) > 0);
+        return sum;
     }
 
+    /**
+     * Returns an equivalent angle in the interval [0, 2pi)
+     * @param phi an angle (in radians).
+     * @return theta in [0, 2pi) that differs from phi by a multiple of 2pi.
+     */
+    private static NumberInterface getSmallAngle(NumberInterface phi, NumberInterface pi){
+        NumberInterface twoPi = pi.multiply(new NaiveNumber("2").promoteTo(phi.getClass()));
+        NumberInterface theta = FUNCTION_ABS.apply(phi).subtract(twoPi
+        .multiply(FUNCTION_ABS.apply(phi).divide(twoPi).floor())); //Now theta is in [0, 2pi).
+        if(phi.signum() < 0){
+            theta = twoPi.subtract(theta);
+        }
+        return theta;
+    }
 }

src/main/java/org/nwapw/abacus/tree/BinaryInfixNode.java

@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ package org.nwapw.abacus.tree;
 /**
  * A tree node that represents an operation being applied to two operands.
  */
-public class BinaryNode extends TreeNode {
+public class BinaryInfixNode extends TreeNode {
 
     /**
      * The operation being applied.
@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@ public class BinaryNode extends TreeNode {
      */
     private TreeNode right;
 
-    private BinaryNode() {
+    private BinaryInfixNode() {
     }
 
     /**
@@ -27,7 +27,7 @@ public class BinaryNode extends TreeNode {
      *
      * @param operation the operation.
      */
-    public BinaryNode(String operation) {
+    public BinaryInfixNode(String operation) {
         this(operation, null, null);
     }
 
@@ -39,7 +39,7 @@ public class BinaryNode extends TreeNode {
      * @param left      the left node of the expression.
      * @param right     the right node of the expression.
      */
-    public BinaryNode(String operation, TreeNode left, TreeNode right) {
+    public BinaryInfixNode(String operation, TreeNode left, TreeNode right) {
         this.operation = operation;
         this.left = left;
         this.right = right;
@@ -92,15 +92,10 @@ public class BinaryNode extends TreeNode {
 
     @Override
     public <T> T reduce(Reducer<T> reducer) {
-        if(Thread.currentThread().isInterrupted())
-            return null;
         T leftReduce = left.reduce(reducer);
         T rightReduce = right.reduce(reducer);
         if (leftReduce == null || rightReduce == null) return null;
-        T a = reducer.reduceNode(this, leftReduce, rightReduce);
-        if(Thread.currentThread().isInterrupted())
-            return null;
-        return a;
+        return reducer.reduceNode(this, leftReduce, rightReduce);
     }
 
     @Override

src/main/java/org/nwapw/abacus/tree/FunctionNode.java

@@ -62,17 +62,12 @@ public class FunctionNode extends TreeNode {
 
     @Override
     public <T> T reduce(Reducer<T> reducer) {
-        if(Thread.currentThread().isInterrupted())
-            return null;
         Object[] reducedChildren = new Object[children.size()];
         for (int i = 0; i < reducedChildren.length; i++) {
             reducedChildren[i] = children.get(i).reduce(reducer);
-            if (Thread.currentThread().isInterrupted()||reducedChildren[i] == null) return null;
+            if (reducedChildren[i] == null) return null;
         }
-        T a = reducer.reduceNode(this, reducedChildren);
-        if(Thread.currentThread().isInterrupted())
-            return null;
-        return a;
+        return reducer.reduceNode(this, reducedChildren);
     }
 
     @Override

src/main/java/org/nwapw/abacus/tree/NumberReducer.java

@@ -28,15 +28,15 @@ public class NumberReducer implements Reducer<NumberInterface> {
     public NumberInterface reduceNode(TreeNode node, Object... children) {
         if (node instanceof NumberNode) {
             return ((NumberNode) node).getNumber();
-        } else if (node instanceof BinaryNode) {
+        } else if (node instanceof BinaryInfixNode) {
             NumberInterface left = (NumberInterface) children[0];
             NumberInterface right = (NumberInterface) children[1];
-            Function function = abacus.getPluginManager().operatorFor(((BinaryNode) node).getOperation()).getFunction();
+            Function function = abacus.getPluginManager().operatorFor(((BinaryInfixNode) node).getOperation()).getFunction();
             if (function == null) return null;
             return function.apply(left, right);
-        } else if (node instanceof UnaryNode) {
+        } else if (node instanceof UnaryPrefixNode) {
             NumberInterface child = (NumberInterface) children[0];
-            Function functionn = abacus.getPluginManager().operatorFor(((UnaryNode) node).getOperation()).getFunction();
+            Function functionn = abacus.getPluginManager().operatorFor(((UnaryPrefixNode) node).getOperation()).getFunction();
             if (functionn == null) return null;
             return functionn.apply(child);
         } else if (node instanceof FunctionNode) {

src/main/java/org/nwapw/abacus/tree/UnaryPrefixNode.java

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 package org.nwapw.abacus.tree;
 
-public class UnaryNode extends TreeNode {
+public class UnaryPrefixNode extends TreeNode {
 
     /**
      * The operation this node will apply.
@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@ public class UnaryNode extends TreeNode {
      *
      * @param operation the operation for this node.
      */
-    public UnaryNode(String operation) {
+    public UnaryPrefixNode(String operation) {
         this(operation, null);
     }
 
@@ -26,21 +26,16 @@ public class UnaryNode extends TreeNode {
      * @param operation the operation for this node.
      * @param applyTo   the node to apply the function to.
      */
-    public UnaryNode(String operation, TreeNode applyTo) {
+    public UnaryPrefixNode(String operation, TreeNode applyTo) {
         this.operation = operation;
         this.applyTo = applyTo;
     }
 
     @Override
     public <T> T reduce(Reducer<T> reducer) {
-        if(Thread.currentThread().isInterrupted())
-            return null;
         Object reducedChild = applyTo.reduce(reducer);
         if (reducedChild == null) return null;
-        T a = reducer.reduceNode(this, reducedChild);
-        if(Thread.currentThread().isInterrupted())
-            return null;
-        return a;
+        return reducer.reduceNode(this, reducedChild);
     }
 
     /**

src/main/resources/abacus.fxml

@@ -1,56 +0,0 @@
-<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
-
-<?import javafx.geometry.Insets?>
-<?import javafx.scene.control.*?>
-<?import javafx.scene.layout.BorderPane?>
-<?import javafx.scene.layout.VBox?>
-<?import javafx.scene.text.Text?>
-<?import javafx.scene.layout.HBox?>
-<?import javafx.scene.layout.GridPane?>
-<BorderPane xmlns="http://javafx.com/javafx"
-            xmlns:fx="http://javafx.com/fxml"
-            fx:controller="org.nwapw.abacus.fx.AbacusController">
-    <center>
-        <TabPane>
-            <Tab text="Calculator" closable="false">
-                <BorderPane>
-                    <center>
-                        <TableView fx:id="historyTable">
-                            <columnResizePolicy>
-                                <TableView fx:constant="CONSTRAINED_RESIZE_POLICY"/>
-                            </columnResizePolicy>
-                            <columns>
-                                <TableColumn fx:id="inputColumn" text="Input" sortable="false"/>
-                                <TableColumn fx:id="parsedColumn" text="Parsed" sortable="false"/>
-                                <TableColumn fx:id="outputColumn" text="Output" sortable="false"/>
-                            </columns>
-                        </TableView>
-                    </center>
-                    <bottom>
-                        <VBox>
-                            <ScrollPane prefHeight="50" vbarPolicy="NEVER">
-                                <padding>
-                                    <Insets top="10" bottom="10" left="10" right="10"/>
-                                </padding>
-                                <Text fx:id="outputText"/>
-                            </ScrollPane>
-                            <TextField fx:id="inputField" onAction="#performCalculation"/>
-                            <Button fx:id="inputButton" text="Calculate" maxWidth="Infinity"
-                                    onAction="#performCalculation"/>
-                            <Button fx:id="stopButton" text="Stop" maxWidth="Infinity"
-                                    onAction="#stopCalculation"/>
-                        </VBox>
-                    </bottom>
-                </BorderPane>
-            </Tab>
-            <Tab text="Settings" closable="false">
-                <GridPane hgap="10" vgap="10">
-                    <padding><Insets left="10" right="10" top="10" bottom="10"/></padding>
-                    <Label text="Number Implementation" GridPane.columnIndex="0" GridPane.rowIndex="0"/>
-                    <ComboBox fx:id="numberImplementationBox" GridPane.columnIndex="1" GridPane.rowIndex="0"/>
-                </GridPane>
-            </Tab>
-        </TabPane>
-    </center>
-
-</BorderPane>