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Instantiate compiler for garbage collection

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Danila Fedorin 2020-01-27 14:52:25 -08:00
parent b5694b92bc
commit 0bc9ae320b
33 changed files with 2277 additions and 0 deletions
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42
09/CMakeLists.txt Normal file
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cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.1)
project(compiler)
# Find all the required packages
find_package(BISON)
find_package(FLEX)
find_package(LLVM REQUIRED CONFIG)
# Set up the flex and bison targets
bison_target(parser
${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/parser.y
${CMAKE_CURRENT_BINARY_DIR}/parser.cpp
COMPILE_FLAGS "-d")
flex_target(scanner
${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/scanner.l
${CMAKE_CURRENT_BINARY_DIR}/scanner.cpp)
add_flex_bison_dependency(scanner parser)
# Find all the relevant LLVM components
llvm_map_components_to_libnames(LLVM_LIBS core x86asmparser x86codegen)
# Create compiler executable
add_executable(compiler
ast.cpp ast.hpp definition.cpp
llvm_context.cpp llvm_context.hpp
type_env.cpp type_env.hpp
env.cpp env.hpp
type.cpp type.hpp
error.cpp error.hpp
binop.cpp binop.hpp
instruction.cpp instruction.hpp
${BISON_parser_OUTPUTS}
${FLEX_scanner_OUTPUTS}
main.cpp
)
# Configure compiler executable
target_include_directories(compiler PUBLIC ${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR})
target_include_directories(compiler PUBLIC ${CMAKE_CURRENT_BINARY_DIR})
target_include_directories(compiler PUBLIC ${LLVM_INCLUDE_DIRS})
target_compile_definitions(compiler PUBLIC ${LLVM_DEFINITIONS})
target_link_libraries(compiler ${LLVM_LIBS})

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#include "ast.hpp"
#include <ostream>
#include "binop.hpp"
#include "error.hpp"
static void print_indent(int n, std::ostream& to) {
while(n--) to << " ";
}
type_ptr ast::typecheck_common(type_mgr& mgr, const type_env& env) {
node_type = typecheck(mgr, env);
return node_type;
}
void ast::resolve_common(const type_mgr& mgr) {
type_var* var;
type_ptr resolved_type = mgr.resolve(node_type, var);
if(var) throw type_error("ambiguously typed program");
resolve(mgr);
node_type = std::move(resolved_type);
}
void ast_int::print(int indent, std::ostream& to) const {
print_indent(indent, to);
to << "INT: " << value << std::endl;
}
type_ptr ast_int::typecheck(type_mgr& mgr, const type_env& env) const {
return type_ptr(new type_base("Int"));
}
void ast_int::resolve(const type_mgr& mgr) const {
}
void ast_int::compile(const env_ptr& env, std::vector<instruction_ptr>& into) const {
into.push_back(instruction_ptr(new instruction_pushint(value)));
}
void ast_lid::print(int indent, std::ostream& to) const {
print_indent(indent, to);
to << "LID: " << id << std::endl;
}
type_ptr ast_lid::typecheck(type_mgr& mgr, const type_env& env) const {
return env.lookup(id);
}
void ast_lid::resolve(const type_mgr& mgr) const {
}
void ast_lid::compile(const env_ptr& env, std::vector<instruction_ptr>& into) const {
into.push_back(instruction_ptr(
env->has_variable(id) ?
(instruction*) new instruction_push(env->get_offset(id)) :
(instruction*) new instruction_pushglobal(id)));
}
void ast_uid::print(int indent, std::ostream& to) const {
print_indent(indent, to);
to << "UID: " << id << std::endl;
}
type_ptr ast_uid::typecheck(type_mgr& mgr, const type_env& env) const {
return env.lookup(id);
}
void ast_uid::resolve(const type_mgr& mgr) const {
}
void ast_uid::compile(const env_ptr& env, std::vector<instruction_ptr>& into) const {
into.push_back(instruction_ptr(new instruction_pushglobal(id)));
}
void ast_binop::print(int indent, std::ostream& to) const {
print_indent(indent, to);
to << "BINOP: " << op_name(op) << std::endl;
left->print(indent + 1, to);
right->print(indent + 1, to);
}
type_ptr ast_binop::typecheck(type_mgr& mgr, const type_env& env) const {
type_ptr ltype = left->typecheck_common(mgr, env);
type_ptr rtype = right->typecheck_common(mgr, env);
type_ptr ftype = env.lookup(op_name(op));
if(!ftype) throw type_error(std::string("unknown binary operator ") + op_name(op));
type_ptr return_type = mgr.new_type();
type_ptr arrow_one = type_ptr(new type_arr(rtype, return_type));
type_ptr arrow_two = type_ptr(new type_arr(ltype, arrow_one));
mgr.unify(arrow_two, ftype);
return return_type;
}
void ast_binop::resolve(const type_mgr& mgr) const {
left->resolve_common(mgr);
right->resolve_common(mgr);
}
void ast_binop::compile(const env_ptr& env, std::vector<instruction_ptr>& into) const {
right->compile(env, into);
left->compile(env_ptr(new env_offset(1, env)), into);
into.push_back(instruction_ptr(new instruction_pushglobal(op_action(op))));
into.push_back(instruction_ptr(new instruction_mkapp()));
into.push_back(instruction_ptr(new instruction_mkapp()));
}
void ast_app::print(int indent, std::ostream& to) const {
print_indent(indent, to);
to << "APP:" << std::endl;
left->print(indent + 1, to);
right->print(indent + 1, to);
}
type_ptr ast_app::typecheck(type_mgr& mgr, const type_env& env) const {
type_ptr ltype = left->typecheck_common(mgr, env);
type_ptr rtype = right->typecheck_common(mgr, env);
type_ptr return_type = mgr.new_type();
type_ptr arrow = type_ptr(new type_arr(rtype, return_type));
mgr.unify(arrow, ltype);
return return_type;
}
void ast_app::resolve(const type_mgr& mgr) const {
left->resolve_common(mgr);
right->resolve_common(mgr);
}
void ast_app::compile(const env_ptr& env, std::vector<instruction_ptr>& into) const {
right->compile(env, into);
left->compile(env_ptr(new env_offset(1, env)), into);
into.push_back(instruction_ptr(new instruction_mkapp()));
}
void ast_case::print(int indent, std::ostream& to) const {
print_indent(indent, to);
to << "CASE: " << std::endl;
for(auto& branch : branches) {
print_indent(indent + 1, to);
branch->pat->print(to);
to << std::endl;
branch->expr->print(indent + 2, to);
}
}
type_ptr ast_case::typecheck(type_mgr& mgr, const type_env& env) const {
type_var* var;
type_ptr case_type = mgr.resolve(of->typecheck_common(mgr, env), var);
type_ptr branch_type = mgr.new_type();
for(auto& branch : branches) {
type_env new_env = env.scope();
branch->pat->match(case_type, mgr, new_env);
type_ptr curr_branch_type = branch->expr->typecheck_common(mgr, new_env);
mgr.unify(branch_type, curr_branch_type);
}
case_type = mgr.resolve(case_type, var);
if(!dynamic_cast<type_data*>(case_type.get())) {
throw type_error("attempting case analysis of non-data type");
}
return branch_type;
}
void ast_case::resolve(const type_mgr& mgr) const {
of->resolve_common(mgr);
for(auto& branch : branches) {
branch->expr->resolve_common(mgr);
}
}
void ast_case::compile(const env_ptr& env, std::vector<instruction_ptr>& into) const {
type_data* type = dynamic_cast<type_data*>(of->node_type.get());
of->compile(env, into);
into.push_back(instruction_ptr(new instruction_eval()));
instruction_jump* jump_instruction = new instruction_jump();
into.push_back(instruction_ptr(jump_instruction));
for(auto& branch : branches) {
std::vector<instruction_ptr> branch_instructions;
pattern_var* vpat;
pattern_constr* cpat;
if((vpat = dynamic_cast<pattern_var*>(branch->pat.get()))) {
branch->expr->compile(env_ptr(new env_offset(1, env)), branch_instructions);
for(auto& constr_pair : type->constructors) {
if(jump_instruction->tag_mappings.find(constr_pair.second.tag) !=
jump_instruction->tag_mappings.end())
break;
jump_instruction->tag_mappings[constr_pair.second.tag] =
jump_instruction->branches.size();
}
jump_instruction->branches.push_back(std::move(branch_instructions));
} else if((cpat = dynamic_cast<pattern_constr*>(branch->pat.get()))) {
env_ptr new_env = env;
for(auto it = cpat->params.rbegin(); it != cpat->params.rend(); it++) {
new_env = env_ptr(new env_var(*it, new_env));
}
branch_instructions.push_back(instruction_ptr(new instruction_split(
cpat->params.size())));
branch->expr->compile(new_env, branch_instructions);
branch_instructions.push_back(instruction_ptr(new instruction_slide(
cpat->params.size())));
int new_tag = type->constructors[cpat->constr].tag;
if(jump_instruction->tag_mappings.find(new_tag) !=
jump_instruction->tag_mappings.end())
throw type_error("technically not a type error: duplicate pattern");
jump_instruction->tag_mappings[new_tag] =
jump_instruction->branches.size();
jump_instruction->branches.push_back(std::move(branch_instructions));
}
}
for(auto& constr_pair : type->constructors) {
if(jump_instruction->tag_mappings.find(constr_pair.second.tag) ==
jump_instruction->tag_mappings.end())
throw type_error("non-total pattern");
}
}
void pattern_var::print(std::ostream& to) const {
to << var;
}
void pattern_var::match(type_ptr t, type_mgr& mgr, type_env& env) const {
env.bind(var, t);
}
void pattern_constr::print(std::ostream& to) const {
to << constr;
for(auto& param : params) {
to << " " << param;
}
}
void pattern_constr::match(type_ptr t, type_mgr& mgr, type_env& env) const {
type_ptr constructor_type = env.lookup(constr);
if(!constructor_type) {
throw type_error(std::string("pattern using unknown constructor ") + constr);
}
for(int i = 0; i < params.size(); i++) {
type_arr* arr = dynamic_cast<type_arr*>(constructor_type.get());
if(!arr) throw type_error("too many parameters in constructor pattern");
env.bind(params[i], arr->left);
constructor_type = arr->right;
}
mgr.unify(t, constructor_type);
}

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#pragma once
#include <memory>
#include <vector>
#include "type.hpp"
#include "type_env.hpp"
#include "binop.hpp"
#include "instruction.hpp"
#include "env.hpp"
struct ast {
type_ptr node_type;
virtual ~ast() = default;
virtual void print(int indent, std::ostream& to) const = 0;
virtual type_ptr typecheck(type_mgr& mgr, const type_env& env) const = 0;
virtual void resolve(const type_mgr& mgr) const = 0;
virtual void compile(const env_ptr& env,
std::vector<instruction_ptr>& into) const = 0;
type_ptr typecheck_common(type_mgr& mgr, const type_env& env);
void resolve_common(const type_mgr& mgr);
};
using ast_ptr = std::unique_ptr<ast>;
struct pattern {
virtual ~pattern() = default;
virtual void print(std::ostream& to) const = 0;
virtual void match(type_ptr t, type_mgr& mgr, type_env& env) const = 0;
};
using pattern_ptr = std::unique_ptr<pattern>;
struct branch {
pattern_ptr pat;
ast_ptr expr;
branch(pattern_ptr p, ast_ptr a)
: pat(std::move(p)), expr(std::move(a)) {}
};
using branch_ptr = std::unique_ptr<branch>;
struct ast_int : public ast {
int value;
explicit ast_int(int v)
: value(v) {}
void print(int indent, std::ostream& to) const;
type_ptr typecheck(type_mgr& mgr, const type_env& env) const;
void resolve(const type_mgr& mgr) const;
void compile(const env_ptr& env, std::vector<instruction_ptr>& into) const;
};
struct ast_lid : public ast {
std::string id;
explicit ast_lid(std::string i)
: id(std::move(i)) {}
void print(int indent, std::ostream& to) const;
type_ptr typecheck(type_mgr& mgr, const type_env& env) const;
void resolve(const type_mgr& mgr) const;
void compile(const env_ptr& env, std::vector<instruction_ptr>& into) const;
};
struct ast_uid : public ast {
std::string id;
explicit ast_uid(std::string i)
: id(std::move(i)) {}
void print(int indent, std::ostream& to) const;
type_ptr typecheck(type_mgr& mgr, const type_env& env) const;
void resolve(const type_mgr& mgr) const;
void compile(const env_ptr& env, std::vector<instruction_ptr>& into) const;
};
struct ast_binop : public ast {
binop op;
ast_ptr left;
ast_ptr right;
ast_binop(binop o, ast_ptr l, ast_ptr r)
: op(o), left(std::move(l)), right(std::move(r)) {}
void print(int indent, std::ostream& to) const;
type_ptr typecheck(type_mgr& mgr, const type_env& env) const;
void resolve(const type_mgr& mgr) const;
void compile(const env_ptr& env, std::vector<instruction_ptr>& into) const;
};
struct ast_app : public ast {
ast_ptr left;
ast_ptr right;
ast_app(ast_ptr l, ast_ptr r)
: left(std::move(l)), right(std::move(r)) {}
void print(int indent, std::ostream& to) const;
type_ptr typecheck(type_mgr& mgr, const type_env& env) const;
void resolve(const type_mgr& mgr) const;
void compile(const env_ptr& env, std::vector<instruction_ptr>& into) const;
};
struct ast_case : public ast {
ast_ptr of;
std::vector<branch_ptr> branches;
ast_case(ast_ptr o, std::vector<branch_ptr> b)
: of(std::move(o)), branches(std::move(b)) {}
void print(int indent, std::ostream& to) const;
type_ptr typecheck(type_mgr& mgr, const type_env& env) const;
void resolve(const type_mgr& mgr) const;
void compile(const env_ptr& env, std::vector<instruction_ptr>& into) const;
};
struct pattern_var : public pattern {
std::string var;
pattern_var(std::string v)
: var(std::move(v)) {}
void print(std::ostream &to) const;
void match(type_ptr t, type_mgr& mgr, type_env& env) const;
};
struct pattern_constr : public pattern {
std::string constr;
std::vector<std::string> params;
pattern_constr(std::string c, std::vector<std::string> p)
: constr(std::move(c)), params(std::move(p)) {}
void print(std::ostream &to) const;
void match(type_ptr t, type_mgr&, type_env& env) const;
};

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#include "binop.hpp"
std::string op_name(binop op) {
switch(op) {
case PLUS: return "+";
case MINUS: return "-";
case TIMES: return "*";
case DIVIDE: return "/";
}
return "??";
}
std::string op_action(binop op) {
switch(op) {
case PLUS: return "plus";
case MINUS: return "minus";
case TIMES: return "times";
case DIVIDE: return "divide";
}
return "??";
}

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#pragma once
#include <string>
enum binop {
PLUS,
MINUS,
TIMES,
DIVIDE
};
std::string op_name(binop op);
std::string op_action(binop op);

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#include "definition.hpp"
#include "error.hpp"
#include "ast.hpp"
#include "llvm_context.hpp"
#include <llvm/IR/DerivedTypes.h>
#include <llvm/IR/Function.h>
#include <llvm/IR/Type.h>
void definition_defn::typecheck_first(type_mgr& mgr, type_env& env) {
return_type = mgr.new_type();
type_ptr full_type = return_type;
for(auto it = params.rbegin(); it != params.rend(); it++) {
type_ptr param_type = mgr.new_type();
full_type = type_ptr(new type_arr(param_type, full_type));
param_types.push_back(param_type);
}
env.bind(name, full_type);
}
void definition_defn::typecheck_second(type_mgr& mgr, const type_env& env) const {
type_env new_env = env.scope();
auto param_it = params.begin();
auto type_it = param_types.rbegin();
while(param_it != params.end() && type_it != param_types.rend()) {
new_env.bind(*param_it, *type_it);
param_it++;
type_it++;
}
type_ptr body_type = body->typecheck_common(mgr, new_env);
mgr.unify(return_type, body_type);
}
void definition_defn::resolve(const type_mgr& mgr) {
type_var* var;
body->resolve_common(mgr);
return_type = mgr.resolve(return_type, var);
if(var) throw type_error("ambiguously typed program");
for(auto& param_type : param_types) {
param_type = mgr.resolve(param_type, var);
if(var) throw type_error("ambiguously typed program");
}
}
void definition_defn::compile() {
env_ptr new_env = env_ptr(new env_offset(0, nullptr));
for(auto it = params.rbegin(); it != params.rend(); it++) {
new_env = env_ptr(new env_var(*it, new_env));
}
body->compile(new_env, instructions);
instructions.push_back(instruction_ptr(new instruction_update(params.size())));
instructions.push_back(instruction_ptr(new instruction_pop(params.size())));
}
void definition_defn::gen_llvm_first(llvm_context& ctx) {
generated_function = ctx.create_custom_function(name, params.size());
}
void definition_defn::gen_llvm_second(llvm_context& ctx) {
ctx.builder.SetInsertPoint(&generated_function->getEntryBlock());
for(auto& instruction : instructions) {
instruction->gen_llvm(ctx, generated_function);
}
ctx.builder.CreateRetVoid();
}
void definition_data::typecheck_first(type_mgr& mgr, type_env& env) {
type_data* this_type = new type_data(name);
type_ptr return_type = type_ptr(this_type);
int next_tag = 0;
for(auto& constructor : constructors) {
constructor->tag = next_tag;
this_type->constructors[constructor->name] = { next_tag++ };
type_ptr full_type = return_type;
for(auto it = constructor->types.rbegin(); it != constructor->types.rend(); it++) {
type_ptr type = type_ptr(new type_base(*it));
full_type = type_ptr(new type_arr(type, full_type));
}
env.bind(constructor->name, full_type);
}
}
void definition_data::typecheck_second(type_mgr& mgr, const type_env& env) const {
// Nothing
}
void definition_data::resolve(const type_mgr& mgr) {
// Nothing
}
void definition_data::compile() {
}
void definition_data::gen_llvm_first(llvm_context& ctx) {
for(auto& constructor : constructors) {
auto new_function =
ctx.create_custom_function(constructor->name, constructor->types.size());
ctx.builder.SetInsertPoint(&new_function->getEntryBlock());
ctx.create_pack(new_function,
ctx.create_size(constructor->types.size()),
ctx.create_i8(constructor->tag)
);
ctx.builder.CreateRetVoid();
}
}
void definition_data::gen_llvm_second(llvm_context& ctx) {
// Nothing
}

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#pragma once
#include <memory>
#include <vector>
#include "instruction.hpp"
#include "llvm_context.hpp"
#include "type_env.hpp"
struct ast;
using ast_ptr = std::unique_ptr<ast>;
struct definition {
virtual ~definition() = default;
virtual void typecheck_first(type_mgr& mgr, type_env& env) = 0;
virtual void typecheck_second(type_mgr& mgr, const type_env& env) const = 0;
virtual void resolve(const type_mgr& mgr) = 0;
virtual void compile() = 0;
virtual void gen_llvm_first(llvm_context& ctx) = 0;
virtual void gen_llvm_second(llvm_context& ctx) = 0;
};
using definition_ptr = std::unique_ptr<definition>;
struct constructor {
std::string name;
std::vector<std::string> types;
int8_t tag;
constructor(std::string n, std::vector<std::string> ts)
: name(std::move(n)), types(std::move(ts)) {}
};
using constructor_ptr = std::unique_ptr<constructor>;
struct definition_defn : public definition {
std::string name;
std::vector<std::string> params;
ast_ptr body;
type_ptr return_type;
std::vector<type_ptr> param_types;
std::vector<instruction_ptr> instructions;
llvm::Function* generated_function;
definition_defn(std::string n, std::vector<std::string> p, ast_ptr b)
: name(std::move(n)), params(std::move(p)), body(std::move(b)) {
}
void typecheck_first(type_mgr& mgr, type_env& env);
void typecheck_second(type_mgr& mgr, const type_env& env) const;
void resolve(const type_mgr& mgr);
void compile();
void gen_llvm_first(llvm_context& ctx);
void gen_llvm_second(llvm_context& ctx);
};
struct definition_data : public definition {
std::string name;
std::vector<constructor_ptr> constructors;
definition_data(std::string n, std::vector<constructor_ptr> cs)
: name(std::move(n)), constructors(std::move(cs)) {}
void typecheck_first(type_mgr& mgr, type_env& env);
void typecheck_second(type_mgr& mgr, const type_env& env) const;
void resolve(const type_mgr& mgr);
void compile();
void gen_llvm_first(llvm_context& ctx);
void gen_llvm_second(llvm_context& ctx);
};

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#include "env.hpp"
int env_var::get_offset(const std::string& name) const {
if(name == this->name) return 0;
if(parent) return parent->get_offset(name) + 1;
throw 0;
}
bool env_var::has_variable(const std::string& name) const {
if(name == this->name) return true;
if(parent) return parent->has_variable(name);
return false;
}
int env_offset::get_offset(const std::string& name) const {
if(parent) return parent->get_offset(name) + offset;
throw 0;
}
bool env_offset::has_variable(const std::string& name) const {
if(parent) return parent->has_variable(name);
return false;
}

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#pragma once
#include <memory>
#include <string>
struct env {
virtual ~env() = default;
virtual int get_offset(const std::string& name) const = 0;
virtual bool has_variable(const std::string& name) const = 0;
};
using env_ptr = std::shared_ptr<env>;
struct env_var : public env {
std::string name;
env_ptr parent;
env_var(std::string& n, env_ptr p)
: name(std::move(n)), parent(std::move(p)) {}
int get_offset(const std::string& name) const;
bool has_variable(const std::string& name) const;
};
struct env_offset : public env {
int offset;
env_ptr parent;
env_offset(int o, env_ptr p)
: offset(o), parent(std::move(p)) {}
int get_offset(const std::string& name) const;
bool has_variable(const std::string& name) const;
};

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#include "error.hpp"
const char* type_error::what() const noexcept {
return "an error occured while checking the types of the program";
}

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#pragma once
#include <exception>
#include "type.hpp"
struct type_error : std::exception {
std::string description;
type_error(std::string d)
: description(std::move(d)) {}
const char* what() const noexcept override;
};
struct unification_error : public type_error {
type_ptr left;
type_ptr right;
unification_error(type_ptr l, type_ptr r)
: left(std::move(l)), right(std::move(r)),
type_error("failed to unify types") {}
};

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data Bool = { True, False }
defn main = { 3 + True }

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defn main = { 1 2 3 4 5 }

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data List = { Nil, Cons Int List }
defn head l = {
case l of {
Nil -> { 0 }
Cons x y z -> { x }
}
}

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#include "../runtime.h"
void f_add(struct stack* s) {
struct node_num* left = (struct node_num*) eval(stack_peek(s, 0));
struct node_num* right = (struct node_num*) eval(stack_peek(s, 1));
stack_push(s, (struct node_base*) alloc_num(left->value + right->value));
}
void f_main(struct stack* s) {
// PushInt 320
stack_push(s, (struct node_base*) alloc_num(320));
// PushInt 6
stack_push(s, (struct node_base*) alloc_num(6));
// PushGlobal f_add (the function for +)
stack_push(s, (struct node_base*) alloc_global(f_add, 2));
struct node_base* left;
struct node_base* right;
// MkApp
left = stack_pop(s);
right = stack_pop(s);
stack_push(s, (struct node_base*) alloc_app(left, right));
// MkApp
left = stack_pop(s);
right = stack_pop(s);
stack_push(s, (struct node_base*) alloc_app(left, right));
}

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defn main = { sum 320 6 }
defn sum x y = { x + y }

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defn add x y = { x + y }
defn double x = { add x x }
defn main = { double 163 }

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data List = { Nil, Cons Int List }
defn length l = {
case l of {
Nil -> { 0 }
Cons x xs -> { 1 + length xs }
}
}
defn main = { length (Cons 1 (Cons 2 (Cons 3 Nil))) }

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data List = { Nil, Cons Int List }
defn add x y = { x + y }
defn mul x y = { x * y }
defn foldr f b l = {
case l of {
Nil -> { b }
Cons x xs -> { f x (foldr f b xs) }
}
}
defn main = {
foldr add 0 (Cons 1 (Cons 2 (Cons 3 (Cons 4 Nil)))) +
foldr mul 1 (Cons 1 (Cons 2 (Cons 3 (Cons 4 Nil))))
}

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data List = { Nil, Cons Int List }
defn sumZip l m = {
case l of {
Nil -> { 0 }
Cons x xs -> {
case m of {
Nil -> { 0 }
Cons y ys -> { x + y + sumZip xs ys }
}
}
}
}
defn ones = { Cons 1 ones }
defn main = { sumZip ones (Cons 1 (Cons 2 (Cons 3 Nil))) }

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#include "instruction.hpp"
#include "llvm_context.hpp"
#include <llvm/IR/BasicBlock.h>
#include <llvm/IR/Function.h>
using namespace llvm;
static void print_indent(int n, std::ostream& to) {
while(n--) to << " ";
}
void instruction_pushint::print(int indent, std::ostream& to) const {
print_indent(indent, to);
to << "PushInt(" << value << ")" << std::endl;
}
void instruction_pushint::gen_llvm(llvm_context& ctx, Function* f) const {
ctx.create_push(f, ctx.create_num(ctx.create_i32(value)));
}
void instruction_pushglobal::print(int indent, std::ostream& to) const {
print_indent(indent, to);
to << "PushGlobal(" << name << ")" << std::endl;
}
void instruction_pushglobal::gen_llvm(llvm_context& ctx, Function* f) const {
auto& global_f = ctx.custom_functions.at("f_" + name);
auto arity = ctx.create_i32(global_f->arity);
ctx.create_push(f, ctx.create_global(global_f->function, arity));
}
void instruction_push::print(int indent, std::ostream& to) const {
print_indent(indent, to);
to << "Push(" << offset << ")" << std::endl;
}
void instruction_push::gen_llvm(llvm_context& ctx, Function* f) const {
ctx.create_push(f, ctx.create_peek(f, ctx.create_size(offset)));
}
void instruction_pop::print(int indent, std::ostream& to) const {
print_indent(indent, to);
to << "Pop(" << count << ")" << std::endl;
}
void instruction_pop::gen_llvm(llvm_context& ctx, Function* f) const {
ctx.create_popn(f, ctx.create_size(count));
}
void instruction_mkapp::print(int indent, std::ostream& to) const {
print_indent(indent, to);
to << "MkApp()" << std::endl;
}
void instruction_mkapp::gen_llvm(llvm_context& ctx, Function* f) const {
auto left = ctx.create_pop(f);
auto right = ctx.create_pop(f);
ctx.create_push(f, ctx.create_app(left, right));
}
void instruction_update::print(int indent, std::ostream& to) const {
print_indent(indent, to);
to << "Update(" << offset << ")" << std::endl;
}
void instruction_update::gen_llvm(llvm_context& ctx, Function* f) const {
ctx.create_update(f, ctx.create_size(offset));
}
void instruction_pack::print(int indent, std::ostream& to) const {
print_indent(indent, to);
to << "Pack(" << tag << ", " << size << ")" << std::endl;
}
void instruction_pack::gen_llvm(llvm_context& ctx, Function* f) const {
ctx.create_pack(f, ctx.create_size(size), ctx.create_i8(tag));
}
void instruction_split::print(int indent, std::ostream& to) const {
print_indent(indent, to);
to << "Split()" << std::endl;
}
void instruction_split::gen_llvm(llvm_context& ctx, Function* f) const {
ctx.create_split(f, ctx.create_size(size));
}
void instruction_jump::print(int indent, std::ostream& to) const {
print_indent(indent, to);
to << "Jump(" << std::endl;
for(auto& instruction_set : branches) {
for(auto& instruction : instruction_set) {
instruction->print(indent + 2, to);
}
to << std::endl;
}
print_indent(indent, to);
to << ")" << std::endl;
}
void instruction_jump::gen_llvm(llvm_context& ctx, Function* f) const {
auto top_node = ctx.create_peek(f, ctx.create_size(0));
auto tag = ctx.unwrap_data_tag(top_node);
auto safety_block = BasicBlock::Create(ctx.ctx, "safety", f);
auto switch_op = ctx.builder.CreateSwitch(tag, safety_block, tag_mappings.size());
std::vector<BasicBlock*> blocks;
for(auto& branch : branches) {
auto branch_block = BasicBlock::Create(ctx.ctx, "branch", f);
ctx.builder.SetInsertPoint(branch_block);
for(auto& instruction : branch) {
instruction->gen_llvm(ctx, f);
}
ctx.builder.CreateBr(safety_block);
blocks.push_back(branch_block);
}
for(auto& mapping : tag_mappings) {
switch_op->addCase(ctx.create_i8(mapping.first), blocks[mapping.second]);
}
ctx.builder.SetInsertPoint(safety_block);
}
void instruction_slide::print(int indent, std::ostream& to) const {
print_indent(indent, to);
to << "Slide(" << offset << ")" << std::endl;
}
void instruction_slide::gen_llvm(llvm_context& ctx, Function* f) const {
ctx.create_slide(f, ctx.create_size(offset));
}
void instruction_binop::print(int indent, std::ostream& to) const {
print_indent(indent, to);
to << "BinOp(" << op_action(op) << ")" << std::endl;
}
void instruction_binop::gen_llvm(llvm_context& ctx, Function* f) const {
auto left_int = ctx.unwrap_num(ctx.create_pop(f));
auto right_int = ctx.unwrap_num(ctx.create_pop(f));
llvm::Value* result;
switch(op) {
case PLUS: result = ctx.builder.CreateAdd(left_int, right_int); break;
case MINUS: result = ctx.builder.CreateSub(left_int, right_int); break;
case TIMES: result = ctx.builder.CreateMul(left_int, right_int); break;
case DIVIDE: result = ctx.builder.CreateSDiv(left_int, right_int); break;
}
ctx.create_push(f, ctx.create_num(result));
}
void instruction_eval::print(int indent, std::ostream& to) const {
print_indent(indent, to);
to << "Eval()" << std::endl;
}
void instruction_eval::gen_llvm(llvm_context& ctx, Function* f) const {
ctx.create_push(f, ctx.create_eval(ctx.create_pop(f)));
}
void instruction_alloc::print(int indent, std::ostream& to) const {
print_indent(indent, to);
to << "Alloc(" << amount << ")" << std::endl;
}
void instruction_alloc::gen_llvm(llvm_context& ctx, Function* f) const {
ctx.create_alloc(f, ctx.create_size(amount));
}
void instruction_unwind::print(int indent, std::ostream& to) const {
print_indent(indent, to);
to << "Unwind()" << std::endl;
}
void instruction_unwind::gen_llvm(llvm_context& ctx, Function* f) const {
// Nothing
}

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#pragma once
#include <llvm/IR/Function.h>
#include <string>
#include <memory>
#include <vector>
#include <map>
#include <ostream>
#include "binop.hpp"
#include "llvm_context.hpp"
struct instruction {
virtual ~instruction() = default;
virtual void print(int indent, std::ostream& to) const = 0;
virtual void gen_llvm(llvm_context& ctx, llvm::Function* f) const = 0;
};
using instruction_ptr = std::unique_ptr<instruction>;
struct instruction_pushint : public instruction {
int value;
instruction_pushint(int v)
: value(v) {}
void print(int indent, std::ostream& to) const;
void gen_llvm(llvm_context& ctx, llvm::Function* f) const;
};
struct instruction_pushglobal : public instruction {
std::string name;
instruction_pushglobal(std::string n)
: name(std::move(n)) {}
void print(int indent, std::ostream& to) const;
void gen_llvm(llvm_context& ctx, llvm::Function* f) const;
};
struct instruction_push : public instruction {
int offset;
instruction_push(int o)
: offset(o) {}
void print(int indent, std::ostream& to) const;
void gen_llvm(llvm_context& ctx, llvm::Function* f) const;
};
struct instruction_pop : public instruction {
int count;
instruction_pop(int c)
: count(c) {}
void print(int indent, std::ostream& to) const;
void gen_llvm(llvm_context& ctx, llvm::Function* f) const;
};
struct instruction_mkapp : public instruction {
void print(int indent, std::ostream& to) const;
void gen_llvm(llvm_context& ctx, llvm::Function* f) const;
};
struct instruction_update : public instruction {
int offset;
instruction_update(int o)
: offset(o) {}
void print(int indent, std::ostream& to) const;
void gen_llvm(llvm_context& ctx, llvm::Function* f) const;
};
struct instruction_pack : public instruction {
int tag;
int size;
instruction_pack(int t, int s)
: tag(t), size(s) {}
void print(int indent, std::ostream& to) const;
void gen_llvm(llvm_context& ctx, llvm::Function* f) const;
};
struct instruction_split : public instruction {
int size;
instruction_split(int s)
: size(s) {}
void print(int indent, std::ostream& to) const;
void gen_llvm(llvm_context& ctx, llvm::Function* f) const;
};
struct instruction_jump : public instruction {
std::vector<std::vector<instruction_ptr>> branches;
std::map<int, int> tag_mappings;
void print(int indent, std::ostream& to) const;
void gen_llvm(llvm_context& ctx, llvm::Function* f) const;
};
struct instruction_slide : public instruction {
int offset;
instruction_slide(int o)
: offset(o) {}
void print(int indent, std::ostream& to) const;
void gen_llvm(llvm_context& ctx, llvm::Function* f) const;
};
struct instruction_binop : public instruction {
binop op;
instruction_binop(binop o)
: op(o) {}
void print(int indent, std::ostream& to) const;
void gen_llvm(llvm_context& ctx, llvm::Function* f) const;
};
struct instruction_eval : public instruction {
void print(int indent, std::ostream& to) const;
void gen_llvm(llvm_context& ctx, llvm::Function* f) const;
};
struct instruction_alloc : public instruction {
int amount;
instruction_alloc(int a)
: amount(a) {}
void print(int indent, std::ostream& to) const;
void gen_llvm(llvm_context& ctx, llvm::Function* f) const;
};
struct instruction_unwind : public instruction {
void print(int indent, std::ostream& to) const;
void gen_llvm(llvm_context& ctx, llvm::Function* f) const;
};

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#include "llvm_context.hpp"
#include <llvm/IR/DerivedTypes.h>
using namespace llvm;
void llvm_context::create_types() {
stack_type = StructType::create(ctx, "stack");
stack_ptr_type = PointerType::getUnqual(stack_type);
tag_type = IntegerType::getInt8Ty(ctx);
struct_types["node_base"] = StructType::create(ctx, "node_base");
struct_types["node_app"] = StructType::create(ctx, "node_app");
struct_types["node_num"] = StructType::create(ctx, "node_num");
struct_types["node_global"] = StructType::create(ctx, "node_global");
struct_types["node_ind"] = StructType::create(ctx, "node_ind");
struct_types["node_data"] = StructType::create(ctx, "node_data");
node_ptr_type = PointerType::getUnqual(struct_types.at("node_base"));
function_type = FunctionType::get(Type::getVoidTy(ctx), { stack_ptr_type }, false);
struct_types.at("node_base")->setBody(
IntegerType::getInt32Ty(ctx)
);
struct_types.at("node_app")->setBody(
struct_types.at("node_base"),
node_ptr_type,
node_ptr_type
);
struct_types.at("node_num")->setBody(
struct_types.at("node_base"),
IntegerType::getInt32Ty(ctx)
);
struct_types.at("node_global")->setBody(
struct_types.at("node_base"),
FunctionType::get(Type::getVoidTy(ctx), { stack_ptr_type }, false)
);
struct_types.at("node_ind")->setBody(
struct_types.at("node_base"),
node_ptr_type
);
struct_types.at("node_data")->setBody(
struct_types.at("node_base"),
IntegerType::getInt8Ty(ctx),
PointerType::getUnqual(node_ptr_type)
);
}
void llvm_context::create_functions() {
auto void_type = Type::getVoidTy(ctx);
auto sizet_type = IntegerType::get(ctx, sizeof(size_t) * 8);
functions["stack_init"] = Function::Create(
FunctionType::get(void_type, { stack_ptr_type }, false),
Function::LinkageTypes::ExternalLinkage,
"stack_init",
&module
);
functions["stack_free"] = Function::Create(
FunctionType::get(void_type, { stack_ptr_type }, false),
Function::LinkageTypes::ExternalLinkage,
"stack_free",
&module
);
functions["stack_push"] = Function::Create(
FunctionType::get(void_type, { stack_ptr_type, node_ptr_type }, false),
Function::LinkageTypes::ExternalLinkage,
"stack_push",
&module
);
functions["stack_pop"] = Function::Create(
FunctionType::get(node_ptr_type, { stack_ptr_type }, false),
Function::LinkageTypes::ExternalLinkage,
"stack_pop",
&module
);
functions["stack_peek"] = Function::Create(
FunctionType::get(node_ptr_type, { stack_ptr_type, sizet_type }, false),
Function::LinkageTypes::ExternalLinkage,
"stack_peek",
&module
);
functions["stack_popn"] = Function::Create(
FunctionType::get(void_type, { stack_ptr_type, sizet_type }, false),
Function::LinkageTypes::ExternalLinkage,
"stack_popn",
&module
);
functions["stack_slide"] = Function::Create(
FunctionType::get(void_type, { stack_ptr_type, sizet_type }, false),
Function::LinkageTypes::ExternalLinkage,
"stack_slide",
&module
);
functions["stack_update"] = Function::Create(
FunctionType::get(void_type, { stack_ptr_type, sizet_type }, false),
Function::LinkageTypes::ExternalLinkage,
"stack_update",
&module
);
functions["stack_alloc"] = Function::Create(
FunctionType::get(void_type, { stack_ptr_type, sizet_type }, false),
Function::LinkageTypes::ExternalLinkage,
"stack_alloc",
&module
);
functions["stack_pack"] = Function::Create(
FunctionType::get(void_type, { stack_ptr_type, sizet_type, tag_type }, false),
Function::LinkageTypes::ExternalLinkage,
"stack_pack",
&module
);
functions["stack_split"] = Function::Create(
FunctionType::get(node_ptr_type, { stack_ptr_type, sizet_type }, false),
Function::LinkageTypes::ExternalLinkage,
"stack_split",
&module
);
auto int32_type = IntegerType::getInt32Ty(ctx);
functions["alloc_app"] = Function::Create(
FunctionType::get(node_ptr_type, { node_ptr_type, node_ptr_type }, false),
Function::LinkageTypes::ExternalLinkage,
"alloc_app",
&module
);
functions["alloc_num"] = Function::Create(
FunctionType::get(node_ptr_type, { int32_type }, false),
Function::LinkageTypes::ExternalLinkage,
"alloc_num",
&module
);
functions["alloc_global"] = Function::Create(
FunctionType::get(node_ptr_type, { function_type, int32_type }, false),
Function::LinkageTypes::ExternalLinkage,
"alloc_global",
&module
);
functions["alloc_ind"] = Function::Create(
FunctionType::get(node_ptr_type, { node_ptr_type }, false),
Function::LinkageTypes::ExternalLinkage,
"alloc_ind",
&module
);
functions["eval"] = Function::Create(
FunctionType::get(node_ptr_type, { node_ptr_type }, false),
Function::LinkageTypes::ExternalLinkage,
"eval",
&module
);
}
ConstantInt* llvm_context::create_i8(int8_t i) {
return ConstantInt::get(ctx, APInt(8, i));
}
ConstantInt* llvm_context::create_i32(int32_t i) {
return ConstantInt::get(ctx, APInt(32, i));
}
ConstantInt* llvm_context::create_size(size_t i) {
return ConstantInt::get(ctx, APInt(sizeof(size_t) * 8, i));
}
Value* llvm_context::create_pop(Function* f) {
auto pop_f = functions.at("stack_pop");
return builder.CreateCall(pop_f, { f->arg_begin() });
}
Value* llvm_context::create_peek(Function* f, Value* off) {
auto peek_f = functions.at("stack_peek");
return builder.CreateCall(peek_f, { f->arg_begin(), off });
}
void llvm_context::create_push(Function* f, Value* v) {
auto push_f = functions.at("stack_push");
builder.CreateCall(push_f, { f->arg_begin(), v });
}
void llvm_context::create_popn(Function* f, Value* off) {
auto popn_f = functions.at("stack_popn");
builder.CreateCall(popn_f, { f->arg_begin(), off });
}
void llvm_context::create_update(Function* f, Value* off) {
auto update_f = functions.at("stack_update");
builder.CreateCall(update_f, { f->arg_begin(), off });
}
void llvm_context::create_pack(Function* f, Value* c, Value* t) {
auto pack_f = functions.at("stack_pack");
builder.CreateCall(pack_f, { f->arg_begin(), c, t });
}
void llvm_context::create_split(Function* f, Value* c) {
auto split_f = functions.at("stack_split");
builder.CreateCall(split_f, { f->arg_begin(), c });
}
void llvm_context::create_slide(Function* f, Value* off) {
auto slide_f = functions.at("stack_slide");
builder.CreateCall(slide_f, { f->arg_begin(), off });
}
void llvm_context::create_alloc(Function* f, Value* n) {
auto alloc_f = functions.at("stack_alloc");
builder.CreateCall(alloc_f, { f->arg_begin(), n });
}
Value* llvm_context::create_eval(Value* e) {
auto eval_f = functions.at("eval");
return builder.CreateCall(eval_f, { e });
}
Value* llvm_context::unwrap_num(Value* v) {
auto num_ptr_type = PointerType::getUnqual(struct_types.at("node_num"));
auto cast = builder.CreatePointerCast(v, num_ptr_type);
auto offset_0 = create_i32(0);
auto offset_1 = create_i32(1);
auto int_ptr = builder.CreateGEP(cast, { offset_0, offset_1 });
return builder.CreateLoad(int_ptr);
}
Value* llvm_context::create_num(Value* v) {
auto alloc_num_f = functions.at("alloc_num");
return builder.CreateCall(alloc_num_f, { v });
}
Value* llvm_context::unwrap_data_tag(Value* v) {
auto data_ptr_type = PointerType::getUnqual(struct_types.at("node_data"));
auto cast = builder.CreatePointerCast(v, data_ptr_type);
auto offset_0 = create_i32(0);
auto offset_1 = create_i32(1);
auto tag_ptr = builder.CreateGEP(cast, { offset_0, offset_1 });
return builder.CreateLoad(tag_ptr);
}
Value* llvm_context::create_global(Value* f, Value* a) {
auto alloc_global_f = functions.at("alloc_global");
return builder.CreateCall(alloc_global_f, { f, a });
}
Value* llvm_context::create_app(Value* l, Value* r) {
auto alloc_app_f = functions.at("alloc_app");
return builder.CreateCall(alloc_app_f, { l, r });
}
llvm::Function* llvm_context::create_custom_function(std::string name, int32_t arity) {
auto void_type = llvm::Type::getVoidTy(ctx);
auto function_type =
llvm::FunctionType::get(void_type, { stack_ptr_type }, false);
auto new_function = llvm::Function::Create(
function_type,
llvm::Function::LinkageTypes::ExternalLinkage,
"f_" + name,
&module
);
auto start_block = llvm::BasicBlock::Create(ctx, "entry", new_function);
auto new_custom_f = custom_function_ptr(new custom_function());
new_custom_f->arity = arity;
new_custom_f->function = new_function;
custom_functions["f_" + name] = std::move(new_custom_f);
return new_function;
}

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#pragma once
#include <llvm/IR/DerivedTypes.h>
#include <llvm/IR/Function.h>
#include <llvm/IR/LLVMContext.h>
#include <llvm/IR/IRBuilder.h>
#include <llvm/IR/Module.h>
#include <map>
struct llvm_context {
struct custom_function {
llvm::Function* function;
int32_t arity;
};
using custom_function_ptr = std::unique_ptr<custom_function>;
llvm::LLVMContext ctx;
llvm::IRBuilder<> builder;
llvm::Module module;
std::map<std::string, custom_function_ptr> custom_functions;
std::map<std::string, llvm::Function*> functions;
std::map<std::string, llvm::StructType*> struct_types;
llvm::StructType* stack_type;
llvm::PointerType* stack_ptr_type;
llvm::PointerType* node_ptr_type;
llvm::IntegerType* tag_type;
llvm::FunctionType* function_type;
llvm_context()
: builder(ctx), module("bloglang", ctx) {
create_types();
create_functions();
}
void create_types();
void create_functions();
llvm::ConstantInt* create_i8(int8_t);
llvm::ConstantInt* create_i32(int32_t);
llvm::ConstantInt* create_size(size_t);
llvm::Value* create_pop(llvm::Function*);
llvm::Value* create_peek(llvm::Function*, llvm::Value*);
void create_push(llvm::Function*, llvm::Value*);
void create_popn(llvm::Function*, llvm::Value*);
void create_update(llvm::Function*, llvm::Value*);
void create_pack(llvm::Function*, llvm::Value*, llvm::Value*);
void create_split(llvm::Function*, llvm::Value*);
void create_slide(llvm::Function*, llvm::Value*);
void create_alloc(llvm::Function*, llvm::Value*);
llvm::Value* create_eval(llvm::Value*);
llvm::Value* unwrap_num(llvm::Value*);
llvm::Value* create_num(llvm::Value*);
llvm::Value* unwrap_data_tag(llvm::Value*);
llvm::Value* create_global(llvm::Value*, llvm::Value*);
llvm::Value* create_app(llvm::Value*, llvm::Value*);
llvm::Function* create_custom_function(std::string name, int32_t arity);
};

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#include "ast.hpp"
#include <iostream>
#include "binop.hpp"
#include "definition.hpp"
#include "instruction.hpp"
#include "llvm_context.hpp"
#include "parser.hpp"
#include "error.hpp"
#include "type.hpp"
#include "llvm/IR/LegacyPassManager.h"
#include "llvm/IR/Verifier.h"
#include "llvm/Support/TargetSelect.h"
#include "llvm/Support/TargetRegistry.h"
#include "llvm/Support/raw_ostream.h"
#include "llvm/Support/FileSystem.h"
#include "llvm/Target/TargetOptions.h"
#include "llvm/Target/TargetMachine.h"
void yy::parser::error(const std::string& msg) {
std::cout << "An error occured: " << msg << std::endl;
}
extern std::vector<definition_ptr> program;
void typecheck_program(
const std::vector<definition_ptr>& prog,
type_mgr& mgr, type_env& env) {
type_ptr int_type = type_ptr(new type_base("Int"));
type_ptr binop_type = type_ptr(new type_arr(
int_type,
type_ptr(new type_arr(int_type, int_type))));
env.bind("+", binop_type);
env.bind("-", binop_type);
env.bind("*", binop_type);
env.bind("/", binop_type);
for(auto& def : prog) {
def->typecheck_first(mgr, env);
}
for(auto& def : prog) {
def->typecheck_second(mgr, env);
}
for(auto& pair : env.names) {
std::cout << pair.first << ": ";
pair.second->print(mgr, std::cout);
std::cout << std::endl;
}
for(auto& def : prog) {
def->resolve(mgr);
}
}
void compile_program(const std::vector<definition_ptr>& prog) {
for(auto& def : prog) {
def->compile();
definition_defn* defn = dynamic_cast<definition_defn*>(def.get());
if(!defn) continue;
for(auto& instruction : defn->instructions) {
instruction->print(0, std::cout);
}
std::cout << std::endl;
}
}
void gen_llvm_internal_op(llvm_context& ctx, binop op) {
auto new_function = ctx.create_custom_function(op_action(op), 2);
std::vector<instruction_ptr> instructions;
instructions.push_back(instruction_ptr(new instruction_push(1)));
instructions.push_back(instruction_ptr(new instruction_eval()));
instructions.push_back(instruction_ptr(new instruction_push(1)));
instructions.push_back(instruction_ptr(new instruction_eval()));
instructions.push_back(instruction_ptr(new instruction_binop(op)));
ctx.builder.SetInsertPoint(&new_function->getEntryBlock());
for(auto& instruction : instructions) {
instruction->gen_llvm(ctx, new_function);
}
ctx.builder.CreateRetVoid();
}
void output_llvm(llvm_context& ctx, const std::string& filename) {
std::string targetTriple = llvm::sys::getDefaultTargetTriple();
llvm::InitializeNativeTarget();
llvm::InitializeNativeTargetAsmParser();
llvm::InitializeNativeTargetAsmPrinter();
std::string error;
const llvm::Target* target =
llvm::TargetRegistry::lookupTarget(targetTriple, error);
if (!target) {
std::cerr << error << std::endl;
} else {
std::string cpu = "generic";
std::string features = "";
llvm::TargetOptions options;
llvm::TargetMachine* targetMachine =
target->createTargetMachine(targetTriple, cpu, features,
options, llvm::Optional<llvm::Reloc::Model>());
ctx.module.setDataLayout(targetMachine->createDataLayout());
ctx.module.setTargetTriple(targetTriple);
std::error_code ec;
llvm::raw_fd_ostream file(filename, ec, llvm::sys::fs::F_None);
if (ec) {
throw 0;
} else {
llvm::TargetMachine::CodeGenFileType type = llvm::TargetMachine::CGFT_ObjectFile;
llvm::legacy::PassManager pm;
if (targetMachine->addPassesToEmitFile(pm, file, NULL, type)) {
throw 0;
} else {
pm.run(ctx.module);
file.close();
}
}
}
}
void gen_llvm(const std::vector<definition_ptr>& prog) {
llvm_context ctx;
gen_llvm_internal_op(ctx, PLUS);
gen_llvm_internal_op(ctx, MINUS);
gen_llvm_internal_op(ctx, TIMES);
gen_llvm_internal_op(ctx, DIVIDE);
for(auto& definition : prog) {
definition->gen_llvm_first(ctx);
}
for(auto& definition : prog) {
definition->gen_llvm_second(ctx);
}
ctx.module.print(llvm::outs(), nullptr);
output_llvm(ctx, "program.o");
}
int main() {
yy::parser parser;
type_mgr mgr;
type_env env;
parser.parse();
for(auto& definition : program) {
definition_defn* def = dynamic_cast<definition_defn*>(definition.get());
if(!def) continue;
std::cout << def->name;
for(auto& param : def->params) std::cout << " " << param;
std::cout << ":" << std::endl;
def->body->print(1, std::cout);
}
try {
typecheck_program(program, mgr, env);
compile_program(program);
gen_llvm(program);
} catch(unification_error& err) {
std::cout << "failed to unify types: " << std::endl;
std::cout << " (1) \033[34m";
err.left->print(mgr, std::cout);
std::cout << "\033[0m" << std::endl;
std::cout << " (2) \033[32m";
err.right->print(mgr, std::cout);
std::cout << "\033[0m" << std::endl;
} catch(type_error& err) {
std::cout << "failed to type check program: " << err.description << std::endl;
}
}

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%{
#include <string>
#include <iostream>
#include "ast.hpp"
#include "definition.hpp"
#include "parser.hpp"
std::vector<definition_ptr> program;
extern yy::parser::symbol_type yylex();
%}
%token PLUS
%token TIMES
%token MINUS
%token DIVIDE
%token <int> INT
%token DEFN
%token DATA
%token CASE
%token OF
%token OCURLY
%token CCURLY
%token OPAREN
%token CPAREN
%token COMMA
%token ARROW
%token EQUAL
%token <std::string> LID
%token <std::string> UID
%language "c++"
%define api.value.type variant
%define api.token.constructor
%type <std::vector<std::string>> lowercaseParams uppercaseParams
%type <std::vector<definition_ptr>> program definitions
%type <std::vector<branch_ptr>> branches
%type <std::vector<constructor_ptr>> constructors
%type <ast_ptr> aAdd aMul case app appBase
%type <definition_ptr> definition defn data
%type <branch_ptr> branch
%type <pattern_ptr> pattern
%type <constructor_ptr> constructor
%start program
%%
program
: definitions { program = std::move($1); }
;
definitions
: definitions definition { $$ = std::move($1); $$.push_back(std::move($2)); }
| definition { $$ = std::vector<definition_ptr>(); $$.push_back(std::move($1)); }
;
definition
: defn { $$ = std::move($1); }
| data { $$ = std::move($1); }
;
defn
: DEFN LID lowercaseParams EQUAL OCURLY aAdd CCURLY
{ $$ = definition_ptr(
new definition_defn(std::move($2), std::move($3), std::move($6))); }
;
lowercaseParams
: %empty { $$ = std::vector<std::string>(); }
| lowercaseParams LID { $$ = std::move($1); $$.push_back(std::move($2)); }
;
uppercaseParams
: %empty { $$ = std::vector<std::string>(); }
| uppercaseParams UID { $$ = std::move($1); $$.push_back(std::move($2)); }
;
aAdd
: aAdd PLUS aMul { $$ = ast_ptr(new ast_binop(PLUS, std::move($1), std::move($3))); }
| aAdd MINUS aMul { $$ = ast_ptr(new ast_binop(MINUS, std::move($1), std::move($3))); }
| aMul { $$ = std::move($1); }
;
aMul
: aMul TIMES app { $$ = ast_ptr(new ast_binop(TIMES, std::move($1), std::move($3))); }
| aMul DIVIDE app { $$ = ast_ptr(new ast_binop(DIVIDE, std::move($1), std::move($3))); }
| app { $$ = std::move($1); }
;
app
: app appBase { $$ = ast_ptr(new ast_app(std::move($1), std::move($2))); }
| appBase { $$ = std::move($1); }
;
appBase
: INT { $$ = ast_ptr(new ast_int($1)); }
| LID { $$ = ast_ptr(new ast_lid(std::move($1))); }
| UID { $$ = ast_ptr(new ast_uid(std::move($1))); }
| OPAREN aAdd CPAREN { $$ = std::move($2); }
| case { $$ = std::move($1); }
;
case
: CASE aAdd OF OCURLY branches CCURLY
{ $$ = ast_ptr(new ast_case(std::move($2), std::move($5))); }
;
branches
: branches branch { $$ = std::move($1); $$.push_back(std::move($2)); }
| branch { $$ = std::vector<branch_ptr>(); $$.push_back(std::move($1));}
;
branch
: pattern ARROW OCURLY aAdd CCURLY
{ $$ = branch_ptr(new branch(std::move($1), std::move($4))); }
;
pattern
: LID { $$ = pattern_ptr(new pattern_var(std::move($1))); }
| UID lowercaseParams
{ $$ = pattern_ptr(new pattern_constr(std::move($1), std::move($2))); }
;
data
: DATA UID EQUAL OCURLY constructors CCURLY
{ $$ = definition_ptr(new definition_data(std::move($2), std::move($5))); }
;
constructors
: constructors COMMA constructor { $$ = std::move($1); $$.push_back(std::move($3)); }
| constructor
{ $$ = std::vector<constructor_ptr>(); $$.push_back(std::move($1)); }
;
constructor
: UID uppercaseParams
{ $$ = constructor_ptr(new constructor(std::move($1), std::move($2))); }
;

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#include <stdint.h>
#include <assert.h>
#include <memory.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include "runtime.h"
struct node_base* alloc_node() {
struct node_base* new_node = malloc(sizeof(struct node_app));
assert(new_node != NULL);
return new_node;
}
struct node_app* alloc_app(struct node_base* l, struct node_base* r) {
struct node_app* node = (struct node_app*) alloc_node();
node->base.tag = NODE_APP;
node->left = l;
node->right = r;
return node;
}
struct node_num* alloc_num(int32_t n) {
struct node_num* node = (struct node_num*) alloc_node();
node->base.tag = NODE_NUM;
node->value = n;
return node;
}
struct node_global* alloc_global(void (*f)(struct stack*), int32_t a) {
struct node_global* node = (struct node_global*) alloc_node();
node->base.tag = NODE_GLOBAL;
node->arity = a;
node->function = f;
return node;
}
struct node_ind* alloc_ind(struct node_base* n) {
struct node_ind* node = (struct node_ind*) alloc_node();
node->base.tag = NODE_IND;
node->next = n;
return node;
}
void stack_init(struct stack* s) {
s->size = 4;
s->count = 0;
s->data = malloc(sizeof(*s->data) * s->size);
assert(s->data != NULL);
}
void stack_free(struct stack* s) {
free(s->data);
}
void stack_push(struct stack* s, struct node_base* n) {
while(s->count >= s->size) {
s->data = realloc(s->data, sizeof(*s->data) * (s->size *= 2));
assert(s->data != NULL);
}
s->data[s->count++] = n;
}
struct node_base* stack_pop(struct stack* s) {
assert(s->count > 0);
return s->data[--s->count];
}
struct node_base* stack_peek(struct stack* s, size_t o) {
assert(s->count > o);
return s->data[s->count - o - 1];
}
void stack_popn(struct stack* s, size_t n) {
assert(s->count >= n);
s->count -= n;
}
void stack_slide(struct stack* s, size_t n) {
assert(s->count > n);
s->data[s->count - n - 1] = s->data[s->count - 1];
s->count -= n;
}
void stack_update(struct stack* s, size_t o) {
assert(s->count > o + 1);
struct node_ind* ind = (struct node_ind*) s->data[s->count - o - 2];
ind->base.tag = NODE_IND;
ind->next = s->data[s->count -= 1];
}
void stack_alloc(struct stack* s, size_t o) {
while(o--) {
stack_push(s, (struct node_base*) alloc_ind(NULL));
}
}
void stack_pack(struct stack* s, size_t n, int8_t t) {
assert(s->count >= n);
struct node_base** data = malloc(sizeof(*data) * n);
assert(data != NULL);
memcpy(data, &s->data[s->count - n], n * sizeof(*data));
struct node_data* new_node = (struct node_data*) alloc_node();
new_node->array = data;
new_node->base.tag = NODE_DATA;
new_node->tag = t;
stack_popn(s, n);
stack_push(s, (struct node_base*) new_node);
}
void stack_split(struct stack* s, size_t n) {
struct node_data* node = (struct node_data*) stack_pop(s);
for(size_t i = 0; i < n; i++) {
stack_push(s, node->array[i]);
}
}
void unwind(struct stack* s) {
while(1) {
struct node_base* peek = stack_peek(s, 0);
if(peek->tag == NODE_APP) {
struct node_app* n = (struct node_app*) peek;
stack_push(s, n->left);
} else if(peek->tag == NODE_GLOBAL) {
struct node_global* n = (struct node_global*) peek;
assert(s->count > n->arity);
for(size_t i = 1; i <= n->arity; i++) {
s->data[s->count - i]
= ((struct node_app*) s->data[s->count - i - 1])->right;
}
n->function(s);
} else if(peek->tag == NODE_IND) {
struct node_ind* n = (struct node_ind*) peek;
stack_pop(s);
stack_push(s, n->next);
} else {
break;
}
}
}
struct node_base* eval(struct node_base* n) {
struct stack program_stack;
stack_init(&program_stack);
stack_push(&program_stack, n);
unwind(&program_stack);
struct node_base* result = stack_pop(&program_stack);
stack_free(&program_stack);
return result;
}
extern void f_main(struct stack* s);
void print_node(struct node_base* n) {
if(n->tag == NODE_APP) {
struct node_app* app = (struct node_app*) n;
print_node(app->left);
putchar(' ');
print_node(app->right);
} else if(n->tag == NODE_DATA) {
printf("(Packed)");
} else if(n->tag == NODE_GLOBAL) {
struct node_global* global = (struct node_global*) n;
printf("(Global: %p)", global->function);
} else if(n->tag == NODE_IND) {
print_node(((struct node_ind*) n)->next);
} else if(n->tag == NODE_NUM) {
struct node_num* num = (struct node_num*) n;
printf("%d", num->value);
}
}
int main(int argc, char** argv) {
struct node_global* first_node = alloc_global(f_main, 0);
struct node_base* result = eval((struct node_base*) first_node);
printf("Result: ");
print_node(result);
putchar('\n');
}

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#pragma once
#include <stdlib.h>
struct stack;
enum node_tag {
NODE_APP,
NODE_NUM,
NODE_GLOBAL,
NODE_IND,
NODE_DATA
};
struct node_base {
enum node_tag tag;
};
struct node_app {
struct node_base base;
struct node_base* left;
struct node_base* right;
};
struct node_num {
struct node_base base;
int32_t value;
};
struct node_global {
struct node_base base;
int32_t arity;
void (*function)(struct stack*);
};
struct node_ind {
struct node_base base;
struct node_base* next;
};
struct node_data {
struct node_base base;
int8_t tag;
struct node_base** array;
};
struct node_base* alloc_node();
struct node_app* alloc_app(struct node_base* l, struct node_base* r);
struct node_num* alloc_num(int32_t n);
struct node_global* alloc_global(void (*f)(struct stack*), int32_t a);
struct node_ind* alloc_ind(struct node_base* n);
struct stack {
size_t size;
size_t count;
struct node_base** data;
};
void stack_init(struct stack* s);
void stack_free(struct stack* s);
void stack_push(struct stack* s, struct node_base* n);
struct node_base* stack_pop(struct stack* s);
struct node_base* stack_peek(struct stack* s, size_t o);
void stack_popn(struct stack* s, size_t n);
void stack_slide(struct stack* s, size_t n);
void stack_update(struct stack* s, size_t o);
void stack_alloc(struct stack* s, size_t o);
void stack_pack(struct stack* s, size_t n, int8_t t);
void stack_split(struct stack* s, size_t n);
struct node_base* eval(struct node_base* n);

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%option noyywrap
%{
#include <iostream>
#include "ast.hpp"
#include "definition.hpp"
#include "parser.hpp"
#define YY_DECL yy::parser::symbol_type yylex()
%}
%%
[ \n]+ {}
\+ { return yy::parser::make_PLUS(); }
\* { return yy::parser::make_TIMES(); }
- { return yy::parser::make_MINUS(); }
\/ { return yy::parser::make_DIVIDE(); }
[0-9]+ { return yy::parser::make_INT(atoi(yytext)); }
defn { return yy::parser::make_DEFN(); }
data { return yy::parser::make_DATA(); }
case { return yy::parser::make_CASE(); }
of { return yy::parser::make_OF(); }
\{ { return yy::parser::make_OCURLY(); }
\} { return yy::parser::make_CCURLY(); }
\( { return yy::parser::make_OPAREN(); }
\) { return yy::parser::make_CPAREN(); }
, { return yy::parser::make_COMMA(); }
-> { return yy::parser::make_ARROW(); }
= { return yy::parser::make_EQUAL(); }
[a-z][a-zA-Z]* { return yy::parser::make_LID(std::string(yytext)); }
[A-Z][a-zA-Z]* { return yy::parser::make_UID(std::string(yytext)); }
%%

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#include "type.hpp"
#include <sstream>
#include <algorithm>
#include "error.hpp"
void type_var::print(const type_mgr& mgr, std::ostream& to) const {
auto it = mgr.types.find(name);
if(it != mgr.types.end()) {
it->second->print(mgr, to);
} else {
to << name;
}
}
void type_base::print(const type_mgr& mgr, std::ostream& to) const {
to << name;
}
void type_arr::print(const type_mgr& mgr, std::ostream& to) const {
left->print(mgr, to);
to << " -> (";
right->print(mgr, to);
to << ")";
}
std::string type_mgr::new_type_name() {
int temp = last_id++;
std::string str = "";
while(temp != -1) {
str += (char) ('a' + (temp % 26));
temp = temp / 26 - 1;
}
std::reverse(str.begin(), str.end());
return str;
}
type_ptr type_mgr::new_type() {
return type_ptr(new type_var(new_type_name()));
}
type_ptr type_mgr::new_arrow_type() {
return type_ptr(new type_arr(new_type(), new_type()));
}
type_ptr type_mgr::resolve(type_ptr t, type_var*& var) const {
type_var* cast;
var = nullptr;
while((cast = dynamic_cast<type_var*>(t.get()))) {
auto it = types.find(cast->name);
if(it == types.end()) {
var = cast;
break;
}
t = it->second;
}
return t;
}
void type_mgr::unify(type_ptr l, type_ptr r) {
type_var* lvar;
type_var* rvar;
type_arr* larr;
type_arr* rarr;
type_base* lid;
type_base* rid;
l = resolve(l, lvar);
r = resolve(r, rvar);
if(lvar) {
bind(lvar->name, r);
return;
} else if(rvar) {
bind(rvar->name, l);
return;
} else if((larr = dynamic_cast<type_arr*>(l.get())) &&
(rarr = dynamic_cast<type_arr*>(r.get()))) {
unify(larr->left, rarr->left);
unify(larr->right, rarr->right);
return;
} else if((lid = dynamic_cast<type_base*>(l.get())) &&
(rid = dynamic_cast<type_base*>(r.get()))) {
if(lid->name == rid->name) return;
}
throw unification_error(l, r);
}
void type_mgr::bind(const std::string& s, type_ptr t) {
type_var* other = dynamic_cast<type_var*>(t.get());
if(other && other->name == s) return;
types[s] = t;
}

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#pragma once
#include <memory>
#include <map>
struct type_mgr;
struct type {
virtual ~type() = default;
virtual void print(const type_mgr& mgr, std::ostream& to) const = 0;
};
using type_ptr = std::shared_ptr<type>;
struct type_var : public type {
std::string name;
type_var(std::string n)
: name(std::move(n)) {}
void print(const type_mgr& mgr, std::ostream& to) const;
};
struct type_base : public type {
std::string name;
type_base(std::string n)
: name(std::move(n)) {}
void print(const type_mgr& mgr, std::ostream& to) const;
};
struct type_data : public type_base {
struct constructor {
int tag;
};
std::map<std::string, constructor> constructors;
type_data(std::string n)
: type_base(std::move(n)) {}
};
struct type_arr : public type {
type_ptr left;
type_ptr right;
type_arr(type_ptr l, type_ptr r)
: left(std::move(l)), right(std::move(r)) {}
void print(const type_mgr& mgr, std::ostream& to) const;
};
struct type_mgr {
int last_id = 0;
std::map<std::string, type_ptr> types;
std::string new_type_name();
type_ptr new_type();
type_ptr new_arrow_type();
void unify(type_ptr l, type_ptr r);
type_ptr resolve(type_ptr t, type_var*& var) const;
void bind(const std::string& s, type_ptr t);
};

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#include "type_env.hpp"
type_ptr type_env::lookup(const std::string& name) const {
auto it = names.find(name);
if(it != names.end()) return it->second;
if(parent) return parent->lookup(name);
return nullptr;
}
void type_env::bind(const std::string& name, type_ptr t) {
names[name] = t;
}
type_env type_env::scope() const {
return type_env(this);
}

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#pragma once
#include <map>
#include "type.hpp"
struct type_env {
std::map<std::string, type_ptr> names;
type_env const* parent = nullptr;
type_env(type_env const* p)
: parent(p) {}
type_env() : type_env(nullptr) {}
type_ptr lookup(const std::string& name) const;
void bind(const std::string& name, type_ptr t);
type_env scope() const;
};