Start working on case expression rule

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Danila Fedorin 2019-08-13 22:54:16 -07:00
parent a9958edaa2
commit cfb4fc708a

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@ -243,3 +243,49 @@ types that satisfy the rules.
#### Checking More Expressions
So far, we've only checked types of numbers, applications, and variables.
Our language has more than that, though!
Binary operators are by far the simplest to extend our language with;
We can simply say that `(+)` is a function, `Int -> Int -> Int`, and
`x+y` is the same as `(+) x y`. This way, we simply translate
operators into function application, and the same typing rules apply.
Next up, we have case expressions. This is one of the two places
where we will introduce new variables into the context, and
also a place where we will need several rules.
Let's first take a look at the whole case expression rule:
{{< todo >}} Double check squiggly notation. {{< /todo >}}
$$
\\frac
{\\Gamma \\vdash e : \\tau \\quad \\tau | p\_i \\leadsto b\_i \\quad \\Gamma,b\_i \\vdash e\_i : \\tau\_c}
{\\Gamma \\vdash \\text{case} \\; e \\; \\text{of} \; \\\{ (p\_1,e\_1) \\ldots (p\_n, e\_n) \\\} : \\tau\_c }
$$
This is a lot more complicated than the other rules we've seen, and we've used some notation
that we haven't seen before. Let's take this step by step:
1. \\(e : \\tau\\), in this case, means that the expression between `case` and `of`, is of type \\(\\tau\\).
2. \\(\\tau | p\_i \\leadsto b\_i\\) means that the pattern \\(p\_i\\) can match a value of type
\\(\\tau\\), producing additional type pairs \\(b\_i\\). We need \\(b\_i\\) because a pattern
such as `Cons x xs` will introduce new type information, namely \\(\text{x} : \text{Int}\\) and \\(\text{xs} : \text{List}\\).
3. \\(\\Gamma,b\_i \\vdash e\_i : \\tau\_c\\) means that each individual branch can be deduced to have the type
\\(\\tau\_c\\), using the previously existing context \\(\\Gamma\\), with the addition of \\(b\_i\\), the new type information.
4. Finally, the conclusion is that the case expression, if all the premises are met, is of type \\(\\tau\_c\\).
For completeness, let's add rules for \\(\\tau | p\_i \\leadsto b\_i\\). We'll need two: one for
the "basic" pattern, which always matches the value and binds it to the variable, and one
for a constructor pattern, that matches a constructor and its parameters.
Let's define \\(v\\) to be a variable name in the context of a pattern. For the basic pattern:
$$
\\frac
{}
{\\tau | v \\leadsto \\\{v : \\tau \\\}}
$$
{{< todo >}} consult pierce. {{< /todo >}}
The rule for the constructor pattern, then, is:
$$
\\frac
{}
{}
$$