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f6c1079bda
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11
.drone.yml
11
.drone.yml
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@ -9,3 +9,14 @@ steps:
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- pacman -Sy cmake gcc make llvm bison flex gettext --noconfirm
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- cd code/compiler
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- ./test.sh
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- name: upload-live
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image: jguyomard/hugo-builder
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commands:
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- echo "$CUSTOM_KEY" | ssh-add -
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- mkdir -p ~/.ssh
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- echo -e "Host *\n\tStrictHostKeyChecking no\n\n" > ~/.ssh/config
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- hugo -D --baseUrl "http://danilafe.com:8080"
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- rsync -rv -e "ssh -p 22" ./public blog-live@danilafe.com:/var/www/blog-live --checksum
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environment:
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CUSTOM_KEY:
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from_secret: live_ssh_key
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@ -1,11 +1,11 @@
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---
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title: Compiling a Functional Language Using C++, Part 10 - Polymorphism
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date: 2019-12-09T23:26:46-08:00
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date: 2020-02-29T20:09:37-08:00
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tags: ["C and C++", "Functional Languages", "Compilers"]
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draft: true
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---
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Last time, we wrote some pretty interesting programs in our little language.
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[In part 8]({{< relref "08_compiler_llvm.md" >}}), we wrote some pretty interesting programs in our little language.
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We successfully expressed arithmetic and recursion. But there's one thing
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that we cannot express in our language without further changes: an `if` statement.
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@ -49,17 +49,40 @@ set of rules to describe our program's types. One such set of rules is
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the [Hindley-Milner type system](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hindley%E2%80%93Milner_type_system),
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which we have previously alluded to. In fact, the rules we came up
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with were already very close to Hindley-Milner, with the exception of two:
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__generalization__ and __instantiation__. Instantiation first:
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__generalization__ and __instantiation__. It's been quite a while since the last time we worked on typechecking, so I'm going
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to present a table with these new rules, as well as all of the ones that we previously used. I will also give a quick
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summary of each of these rules.
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$$
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Rule|Name and Description
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-----|-------
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{{< latex >}}
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\frac
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{\\Gamma \\vdash e : \\sigma \\quad \\sigma' \\sqsubseteq \\sigma}
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{\\Gamma \\vdash e : \\sigma'}
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$$
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Next, generalization:
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$$
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{x:\sigma \in \Gamma}
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{\Gamma \vdash x:\sigma}
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{{< /latex >}}| __Var__: If the variable \\(x\\) is known to have some polymorphic type \\(\\sigma\\) then an expression consisting only of that variable is of that type.
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{{< latex >}}
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\frac
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{\\Gamma \\vdash e : \\sigma \\quad \\alpha \\not \\in \\text{free}(\\Gamma)}
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{\\Gamma \\vdash e : \\forall a . \\sigma}
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$$
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{\Gamma \vdash e_1 : \tau_1 \rightarrow \tau_2 \quad \Gamma \vdash e_2 : \tau_1}
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{\Gamma \vdash e_1 \; e_2 : \tau_2}
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{{< /latex >}}| __App__: If an expression \\(e\_1\\), which is a function from monomorphic type \\(\\tau\_1\\) to another monomorphic type \\(\\tau\_2\\), is applied to an argument \\(e\_2\\) of type \\(\\tau\_1\\), then the result is of type \\(\\tau\_2\\).
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{{< latex >}}
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\frac
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{\Gamma, x:\tau \vdash e : \tau'}
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{\Gamma \vdash \lambda x.e : \tau \rightarrow \tau'}
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{{< /latex >}}| __Abs__: If the body \\(e\\) of a lambda abstraction \\(\\lambda x.e\\) is of type \\(\\tau'\\) when \\(x\\) is of type \\(\\tau\\) then the whole lambda abstraction is of type \\(\\tau \\rightarrow \\tau'\\).
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{{< latex >}}
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\frac
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{\Gamma \vdash e : \tau \quad \text{matcht}(\tau, p_i) = b_i
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\quad \Gamma,b_i \vdash e_i : \tau_c}
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{\Gamma \vdash \text{case} \; e \; \text{of} \;
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\{ (p_1,e_1) \ldots (p_n, e_n) \} : \tau_c }
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{{< /latex >}}| __Case__: This rule is not part of Hindley-Milner, and is specific to our language. If the expression being case-analyzed is of type \\(\\tau\\) and each branch \\((p\_i, e\_i)\\) is of the same type \\(\\tau\_c\\) when the pattern \\(p\_i\\) works with type \\(\\tau\\) producing extra bindings \\(b\_i\\), the whole case expression is of type \\(\\tau\_c\\).
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{{< latex >}}
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\frac{\Gamma \vdash e : \sigma \quad \sigma' \sqsubseteq \sigma}
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{\Gamma \vdash e : \sigma'}
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{{< /latex >}}| __Inst (New)__: If type \\(\\sigma'\\) is an instantiation of type \\(\\sigma\\) then an expression of type \\(\\sigma\\) is also an expression of type \\(\\sigma'\\).
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{{< latex >}}
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\frac
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{\Gamma \vdash e : \sigma \quad \alpha \not \in \text{free}(\Gamma)}
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{\Gamma \vdash e : \forall \alpha . \sigma}
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{{< /latex >}}| __Gen (New)__: If an expression has a type with free variables, this rule allows us generalize it to allow all possible types to be used for these free variables.
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@ -149,3 +149,13 @@ a {
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img {
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max-width: 100%
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}
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table {
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@include bordered-block;
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margin: auto;
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padding: 0.5rem;
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}
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td {
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padding: 0.5rem;
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}
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3
themes/vanilla/layouts/shortcodes/latex.html
Normal file
3
themes/vanilla/layouts/shortcodes/latex.html
Normal file
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@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
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$$
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{{ .Inner }}
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$$
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