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Author SHA1 Message Date
f6c1079bda Try to set up drone for live CI uploads
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continuous-integration/drone/push Build is failing
2020-02-29 21:48:08 -08:00
252d82469c Add a latex macro to help escape and write multiline latex 2020-02-29 20:42:36 -08:00
1879ba2c2b Add styling for tables. 2020-02-29 20:16:57 -08:00
fc444c1986 Resume work on polymorphism post 2020-02-29 20:15:37 -08:00
4 changed files with 60 additions and 13 deletions

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@ -9,3 +9,14 @@ steps:
- pacman -Sy cmake gcc make llvm bison flex gettext --noconfirm
- cd code/compiler
- ./test.sh
- name: upload-live
image: jguyomard/hugo-builder
commands:
- echo "$CUSTOM_KEY" | ssh-add -
- mkdir -p ~/.ssh
- echo -e "Host *\n\tStrictHostKeyChecking no\n\n" > ~/.ssh/config
- hugo -D --baseUrl "http://danilafe.com:8080"
- rsync -rv -e "ssh -p 22" ./public blog-live@danilafe.com:/var/www/blog-live --checksum
environment:
CUSTOM_KEY:
from_secret: live_ssh_key

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@ -1,11 +1,11 @@
---
title: Compiling a Functional Language Using C++, Part 10 - Polymorphism
date: 2019-12-09T23:26:46-08:00
date: 2020-02-29T20:09:37-08:00
tags: ["C and C++", "Functional Languages", "Compilers"]
draft: true
---
Last time, we wrote some pretty interesting programs in our little language.
[In part 8]({{< relref "08_compiler_llvm.md" >}}), we wrote some pretty interesting programs in our little language.
We successfully expressed arithmetic and recursion. But there's one thing
that we cannot express in our language without further changes: an `if` statement.
@ -49,17 +49,40 @@ set of rules to describe our program's types. One such set of rules is
the [Hindley-Milner type system](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hindley%E2%80%93Milner_type_system),
which we have previously alluded to. In fact, the rules we came up
with were already very close to Hindley-Milner, with the exception of two:
__generalization__ and __instantiation__. Instantiation first:
__generalization__ and __instantiation__. It's been quite a while since the last time we worked on typechecking, so I'm going
to present a table with these new rules, as well as all of the ones that we previously used. I will also give a quick
summary of each of these rules.
$$
Rule|Name and Description
-----|-------
{{< latex >}}
\frac
{\\Gamma \\vdash e : \\sigma \\quad \\sigma' \\sqsubseteq \\sigma}
{\\Gamma \\vdash e : \\sigma'}
$$
Next, generalization:
$$
{x:\sigma \in \Gamma}
{\Gamma \vdash x:\sigma}
{{< /latex >}}| __Var__: If the variable \\(x\\) is known to have some polymorphic type \\(\\sigma\\) then an expression consisting only of that variable is of that type.
{{< latex >}}
\frac
{\\Gamma \\vdash e : \\sigma \\quad \\alpha \\not \\in \\text{free}(\\Gamma)}
{\\Gamma \\vdash e : \\forall a . \\sigma}
$$
{\Gamma \vdash e_1 : \tau_1 \rightarrow \tau_2 \quad \Gamma \vdash e_2 : \tau_1}
{\Gamma \vdash e_1 \; e_2 : \tau_2}
{{< /latex >}}| __App__: If an expression \\(e\_1\\), which is a function from monomorphic type \\(\\tau\_1\\) to another monomorphic type \\(\\tau\_2\\), is applied to an argument \\(e\_2\\) of type \\(\\tau\_1\\), then the result is of type \\(\\tau\_2\\).
{{< latex >}}
\frac
{\Gamma, x:\tau \vdash e : \tau'}
{\Gamma \vdash \lambda x.e : \tau \rightarrow \tau'}
{{< /latex >}}| __Abs__: If the body \\(e\\) of a lambda abstraction \\(\\lambda x.e\\) is of type \\(\\tau'\\) when \\(x\\) is of type \\(\\tau\\) then the whole lambda abstraction is of type \\(\\tau \\rightarrow \\tau'\\).
{{< latex >}}
\frac
{\Gamma \vdash e : \tau \quad \text{matcht}(\tau, p_i) = b_i
\quad \Gamma,b_i \vdash e_i : \tau_c}
{\Gamma \vdash \text{case} \; e \; \text{of} \;
\{ (p_1,e_1) \ldots (p_n, e_n) \} : \tau_c }
{{< /latex >}}| __Case__: This rule is not part of Hindley-Milner, and is specific to our language. If the expression being case-analyzed is of type \\(\\tau\\) and each branch \\((p\_i, e\_i)\\) is of the same type \\(\\tau\_c\\) when the pattern \\(p\_i\\) works with type \\(\\tau\\) producing extra bindings \\(b\_i\\), the whole case expression is of type \\(\\tau\_c\\).
{{< latex >}}
\frac{\Gamma \vdash e : \sigma \quad \sigma' \sqsubseteq \sigma}
{\Gamma \vdash e : \sigma'}
{{< /latex >}}| __Inst (New)__: If type \\(\\sigma'\\) is an instantiation of type \\(\\sigma\\) then an expression of type \\(\\sigma\\) is also an expression of type \\(\\sigma'\\).
{{< latex >}}
\frac
{\Gamma \vdash e : \sigma \quad \alpha \not \in \text{free}(\Gamma)}
{\Gamma \vdash e : \forall \alpha . \sigma}
{{< /latex >}}| __Gen (New)__: If an expression has a type with free variables, this rule allows us generalize it to allow all possible types to be used for these free variables.

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@ -149,3 +149,13 @@ a {
img {
max-width: 100%
}
table {
@include bordered-block;
margin: auto;
padding: 0.5rem;
}
td {
padding: 0.5rem;
}

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@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
$$
{{ .Inner }}
$$